Ortelius\u27s Map of the World and Homann\u27s Ship Model Map

Abraham Ortelius and Johann Baptist Homann were very successful cartographers who benefitted from the rising trend in curiosity cabinets during the Renaissance. Ortelius lived from 1527-1598 and was born in Antwerp, Belgium, and Homann became famous in Nuremberg, Germany during his life from 1663-1724. [excerpt

SIGAME simulations of the [CII], [OI] and [OIII] line emission from star forming galaxies at z ~ 6

Of the almost 40 star forming galaxies at z>~5 (not counting QSOs) observed in [CII] to date, nearly half are either very faint in [CII], or not detected at all, and fall well below expectations based on locally derived relations between star formation rate (SFR) and [CII] luminosity. Combining cosmological zoom simulations of galaxies with SIGAME (SImulator of GAlaxy Millimeter/submillimeter Emission) we have modeled the multi-phased interstellar medium (ISM) and its emission in [CII], [OI] and [OIII], from 30 main sequence galaxies at z~6 with star formation rates ~3-23Msun/yr, stellar masses ~(0.7-8)x10^9Msun, and metallicities ~(0.1-0.4)xZsun. The simulations are able to reproduce the aforementioned [CII]-faintness at z>5, match two of the three existing z>~5 detections of [OIII], and are furthermore roughly consistent with the [OI] and [OIII] luminosity relations with SFR observed for local starburst galaxies. We find that the [CII] emission is dominated by the diffuse ionized gas phase and molecular clouds, which on average contribute ~66% and ~27%, respectively. The molecular gas, which constitutes only ~10% of the total gas mass is thus a more efficient emitter of [CII] than the ionized gas making up ~85% of the total gas mass. A principal component analysis shows that the [CII] luminosity correlates with the star formation activity as well as average metallicity. The low metallicities of our simulations together with their low molecular gas mass fractions can account for their [CII]-faintness, and we suggest these factors may also be responsible for the [CII]-faint normal galaxies observed at these early epochs.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures. Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journa

SGAME Simulations of the [CII], [OI], and [OIII] Line Emission from Star-forming Galaxies at z≲ 6

Of the almost 40 star-forming galaxies at z ≥ 5 (not counting quasi-stellar objects) observed in [C II ] to date, nearly half are either very faint in [C II ] or not detected at all, and fall well below expectations based on locally derived relations between star formation rate and [C II ] luminosity. This has raised questions as to how reliable [C II ] is as a tracer of star formation activity at these epochs and how factors such as metallicity might affect the [C II ] emission. Combining cosmological zoom simulations of galaxies with SGAME (SImulator of GAlaxy Millimeter/ submillimeter Emission), we modeled the multiphased interstellar medium (ISM) and its emission in [C II ] , as well as in [O I ] and [O III ], from 30 main-sequence galaxies at z ≲6 with star formation rates ∼323 M· yr -1 , stellar masses ∼ 0.7 8 109 M·, and metallicities ∼ 0.1 0.4 Z?. The simulations are able to reproduce the aforementioned [C II ] faintness of some normal star-forming galaxy sources at z 5. In terms of [O I ] and [O III ], very few observations are available at z 5, but our simulations match two of the three existing z 5 detections of [O III ] and are furthermore roughly consistent with the [O I ] and [O III ] luminosity relations with star formation rate observed for local starburst galaxies. We find that the [C II ] emission is dominated by the diffuse ionized gas phase and molecular clouds, which on average contribute ∼66% and ∼27%, respectively. The molecular gas, which constitutes only ∼10% of the total gas mass, is thus a more efficient emitter of [C II ] than the ionized gas, which makes up ∼85% of the total gas mass. A principal component analysis shows that the [C II ] luminosity correlates with the star formation activity of a galaxy as well as its average metallicity. The low metallicities of our simulations together with their low molecular gas mass fractions can account for their [C II ] faintness, and we suggest that these factors may also be responsible for the [C II ] -faint normal galaxies observed at these early epochs

An Elliptic One-Loop Amplitude in Anti-de-Sitter Space

We present full analytic results for the four-point one-loop amplitude of a conformally coupled scalar in four-dimensional Anti-de-Sitter space dual to a primary operator with scaling dimension 1. The computation is based on an intriguing recent discovery, connecting Witten diagrams and flat-space Feynman integrals, which led to an expression of the amplitude of interest as a pure combination of single-valued multiple polylogarithms and an integral which cannot be reduced to multiple polylogarithms. We explicitly evaluate that integral in terms of elliptic multiple polylogarithms, finding that it is not manifestly single-valued unlike the polylogarithmic contributions to the amplitude. Further we compute the symbol of the integral and observe similar structures as for (elliptic) flat-space amplitudes. The result presented here adds to the relatively short list of explicitly known position space curved-space amplitudes beyond tree level, and constitutes the first curved-space amplitude evaluated in terms of elliptic multiple polylogarithms

Le rôle du seuil : les portes dans le récit romantique 1830-1880

Étudier le rôle des portes dans les récits consiste essentiellement à mener une recherche sur l’espace, tel qu’il est créé, représenté et symbolisé par les textes. Si ma recherche s’est orientée vers un point aussi précis que la porte, c’est parce que cet objet d’apparence banale se trouve au centre de nombreuses représentations spatiales. Plutôt monumentale à l’entrée des villes ou des cathédrales, plutôt secrète dans les chambres libertines, pour ce qui est des textes antérieurs au xixe siè..

À escuta da langue-parole : considerações a partir da teoria saussuriana

O intuito desta tese é propor um conceito de escuta em articulação com as noções de langue e parole, levando em consideração o papel atribuído ao ouvido e ao falante a partir da reflexão linguística saussuriana. Para tanto, empreendemos uma pesquisa teórica, entrelaçada em três capítulos: o primeiro é dedicado ao ouvinte, o segundo ao falante e o terceiro à escuta. Cada uma dessas concepções, apesar de estarem dispostas separadamente em capítulos, estão imbricadas no decorrer de toda a nossa discussão; nesse sentido, sublinhamos que as três partes da tese mantêm um constante diálogo e apresentam a questão da escuta de pontos de vista singulares. No capítulo 1, “Monsieur B e a posição de ouvinte”, introduzimos o debate a partir de uma contextualização acerca do ouvido e suas implicações terminológicas, com ênfase no manuscrito Phonétique. Além disso, propõe-se uma visada do circuito da parole saussuriano para além da posição de falante, sublinhando a posição ativa do ouvinte frente à langue. Por fim, trabalhamos a partir da noção de função muda da linguagem, proposta por Jacques Coursil, com o intuito de apontar a posição de ouvinte como uma constante na linguagem. No capítulo 2, “Monsieur A: o encontro langue-parole”, situamos a concepção de falante nos estudos linguísticos e seu lugar na teoria saussuriana. Em seguida, abordamos a parole como experiência, mostrando como os conceitos de langue e parole estão unidos pela concepção saussuriana de sujet parlant. Na sequência, encaramos o sentimento da langue, presente em textos saussurianos, como um termo que reforça a experiência da parole e sua indissociabilidade em relação à langue. No capítulo 3, “A escuta linguística: efeitos do ouvido”, delimitamos as diferenças entre os termos ouvir e escutar e rastreamos definições de escuta e suas possíveis relações para a construção de um conceito linguístico. Lançamos mão de considerações advindas da filosofia com o propósito de ampliar uma concepção de escuta distante da objetividade e da passividade, realizando um deslocamento de tais considerações para o campo dos Estudos da Linguagem. Finalmente, redirecionamos nossa atenção à Linguística, buscando um embasamento teórico a partir de dois pesquisadores fundamentais: Roman Jakobson e Arild Utaker, cada um a seu modo, sob os efeitos do pensamento saussuriano. Concluímos, assim, que a escuta é uma função de interpretação linguística capaz de questionar a divisão langue-parole, cuja implicação pode repercutir em diferentes perspectivas dos Estudos da Linguagem.L’objectif de cette thèse est de proposer un concept d’écoute en articulation avec les notions de langue et parole, en tenant compte du rôle attribué à l’oreille et au sujet parlant à partir de la réflexion linguistique saussurienne. Pour ce faire, nous avons effectué une recherche théorique, entrelacée en trois chapitres : le premier est dédié à l’auditeur, le deuxième au sujet parlant et le troisième à l’écoute. Chacune de ces conceptions, bien qu’étant séparément disposées en chapitres, sont imbriquées tout au long de notre discussion ; en ce sens, nous soulignons que les trois parties de la thèse entretiennent un dialogue constant et elles posent la question de l’écoute à partir de points de vue singuliers. Dans le chapitre 1, « Monsieur B et la position d’auditeur », nous introduisons le débat à partir d’une contextualisation sur l’oreille et ses implications terminologiques, en mettant l’accent sur le manuscrit Phonétique. En outre, le circuit de la parole saussurien est visé au-delà du sujet parlant afin de souligner la position active de l’auditeur face à la langue. Enfin, nous travaillons à partir de la notion de fonction muette du langage, proposée par Jacques Coursil, dans le but de souligner la position de l’auditeur comme une constante dans le langage. Dans le chapitre 2, « Monsieur A : la rencontre langue-parole », nous situons le concept de sujet parlant dans les études linguistiques et sa place dans la théorie saussurienne. Ensuite, nous abordons la parole comme une expérience, en montrant comment les concepts de langue et de parole sont unis par la conception saussurienne de sujet parlant. Après, nous exploitons le sentiment de la langue, présent dans les textes saussuriens, comme un terme qui renforce l’expérience de la parole et son inséparabilité par rapport à la langue. Dans le chapitre 3, « L’écoute linguistique : des effets de l’oreille », nous délimitons les différences entre les termes entendre et écouter et nous recensons des définitions de l’écoute et ses relations possibles pour la construction d’un concept linguistique. Nous avons fait appel à des considérations issues de la philosophie dans le but d’élargir l’idée d’écoute loin de l’objectivité et de la passivité, en déplaçant ces considérations vers le domaine des Études du Langage. Enfin, nous réorientons notre attention vers la Linguistique, à la recherche d’une base théorique ancrée sur deux chercheurs fondamentaux : Roman Jakobson et Arild Utaker, chacun à sa manière, sous les effets de la pensée saussurienne. Nous concluons donc que l’écoute est une fonction d’interprétation linguistique capable de questionner la division langue-parole, dont l’implication peut avoir des répercussions dans de différentes perspectives des Études du Langage

Modélisation par processus ponctuels cascadés pour la restauration d'images

Dans cette communication, nous présentons un nouvel algorithme pour la déconvolution en imagerie Gamma. Celui-ci repose sur une nouvelle modélisation d'une caméra Gamma par processus ponctuels cascadés. Cette modélisation permet de tenir compte de l'intensificateur d'images, qui est un des éléments d'une caméra Gamma dégradant le plus fortement le rapport signal sur bruit. Ce modèle permet ensuite de développer deux algorithmes de type EM : la version classique de l'EM et sa version SAGE, qui assure une convergence plus rapide. Notre nouveau modèle et le modèle classique sont ensuite comparés et testés avec des algorithmes EM de type SAGE sur des images synthétiques et réelles composées de sources radioactives

O “som” como figura vocal e o “som” como signo: considerações a partir da dupla essência da linguagem

Este artigo propõe-se a discutir, a partir do conjunto de manuscritos intitulado De la double essence du langage, a que se refere esta dupla essência reiterada pelo linguista Ferdinand de Saussure. Lançaremos mão, assim, da leitura da edição crítica organizada por Amacker (SAUSSURE, 2011), levantando os seguintes questionamentos: o que é essencial para que um sistema linguístico tenha existência? O dado material é relevante para a construção do fato linguístico? Qual a diferença entre considerar-se o “som” como figura vocal e o “som” como signo? Optou-se por partir das ocorrências de "figura vocal" no decorrer das considerações de Saussure a fim de compreender mais amplamente o papel da figura vocal e sua relação com o conceito de forma. A problematização destas noções oportuniza a reflexão acerca do laço indissolúvel entre forma e sentido nos estudos saussurianos, assim como realça o importante papel do aspecto material vinculado a sua função significante. The “sound” as vocal figure and the “sound” as sign: considerations based on the double essence of languageThis article intends to discuss what the dual essence reiterated by linguist Ferdinand de Saussure refers to, based on the set of manuscripts titled De la double essence du langage. We will thus use the interpretation of the critical edition organized by Amacker (SAUSSURE, 2011), raising the following questions: what is essential for a linguistic system to exist?  Is material data relevant to the construction of the linguistic fact?  What is the difference between considering the "sound" as a vocal figure and "sound" as a sign? We chose to start from the occurrences of "vocal figure" in Saussure's considerations in order to more comprehensively understand the role of the vocal figure and its relation to the concept of form. The questioning of these notions enables the reflection on the indissoluble link between form and meaning in Saussurean studies and highlights the important role of the material aspect linked to its significant function.Keywords: Vocal figure. Sign. Form. Dual essence DOI: 10.28998/2317-9945.2019v1n62p69-8