Boîte à outils destinée aux chercheurs de documents iconographiques

Travail réalisé à l'EBSI, Université de Montréal, sous la direction de M. Yvon Lemay dans le cadre du cours SCI6111 - Politique de gestion des archives, à l'automne 2013.Cette boîte à outils rassemble des informations pouvant aider les chercheurs de documents iconographiques. Une centaine de sites Web de fournisseurs d'images fixes sont proposés à ceux qui ont besoin d’images pour illustrer un projet, que ce soit un article de magazine ou de journal, un site Web, un film, une publicité ou une recherche académique. Ces sources sont des banques d’images, des agences photographiques, des agences micro-stocks, des archives muséales, des archives institutionnelles, des collections de bibliothèques, des sites de partage populaires, bref, des lieux qui offrent une information visuelle disponible et utilisable conformément à des conditions préétablies. La boîte à outils est organisée selon les types de photographies trouvées dans les agences, c'est-à-dire, photojournalisme, photos scientifiques, photos architecturales, etc.This toolkit brings together information which may help researchers in need of iconographic documents. Hundreds of still image suppliers' websites are suggested. These sources are image banks, photo agencies, micro-stock agencies, museum archives, institutional repositories, libraries’ collections, image hosting websites, in short, places that provide visual information usable accordingly to certain conditions. The toolkit is arranged by types of photographs (photojournalism, scientific photos, architectural photos, etc.)

The importance of measuring body composition in professional football players: A commentary

Professional football players are not considered to be excessively fat, but there is continuous pressure made by managers, coaches and physiotherapists to monitor player’s body composition to help reach optimal performance potential. Consequently, it is not uncommon for sport scientists to assume responsibility for monitoring and managing their players’ body composition over the playing season. As body fat is one of the main factors affecting body composition, the knowledge and understanding of whole body density and how it inluences the body could be useful to quantify the effectiveness of a prescribed training programme and/ or optimal performance potential

Fine-scale behavioral analysis of the Greenland shark using 3-axis accelerometers

The Tenth Symposium on Polar Science/Ordinary sessions : [OB] Polar Biology, Wed. 4 Dec. / Entrance Hall (1st floor) , National Institute of Polar Researc

Metabolic communication in tumors: a new layer of immunoregulation for immune evasion

The success of cancer immunotherapy reveals the power of host immunity on killing cancer cells and the feasibility to unleash restraints of anti-tumor immunity. However, the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and low immunogenicity of cancer cells restrict the therapeutic efficacy of cancer immunotherapies in a small fraction of patients. Therefore deciphering the underlying mechanisms promoting the generation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is direly needed to better harness host anti-tumor immunity. Early works revealed that deregulated metabolic activities in cancer cells support unrestricted proliferation and survival by producing macromolecules. Intriguingly, recent studies uncovered that metabolic switch in immune and endothelial cells modulate cellular activities and contribute to the progression of several diseases, including cancers. Herein, we review the progress on immunometabolic regulations on fine-tuning activities of immune cells and discuss how metabolic communication between cancer and infiltrating immune cells contributes to cancer immune evasion. Moreover, we would like to discuss how we might exploit this knowledge to improve current immunotherapies and the unresolved issues in this field

Seasonal variation in isokinetic peak torque in youth soccer players

The aim of the study was to investigate the seasonal variation in the strength of the knee flexors and\ud extensors in highly trained youth soccer players. The players (n=16; age 16.7±0.7) were measured at the end\ud of the competitive season, at the beginning of the off-season and during the sixth week of a new competitive\ud season. Isokinetic concentric peak torque was measured at 60°·s-1, 180°·s-1, 360°·s-1 in a sitting position. The\ud testing range of motion was set from 10–90° of knee flexion. Players performed a set of six maximal repetitions\ud for both the dominant and non-dominant limb. Average values of peak torque significantly changed during\ud the observed periods. Significant differences (p<.05) between the three measurement sessions were noted\ud with respect to the knee flexors at all angular velocities. A post-hoc test confirmed a significant increase\ud between the first and the second measurement for flexion in both the dominant (180°·s-1; p=.033) and nondominant\ud legs (360°·s-1; p=.004). A significant increase was also found between the first and the third session\ud for both limbs during the knee flexion at all angular velocities. The results indicate that peak torque values\ud of knee flexors and extensors varied differently in trained youth soccer players depending on muscle group and movement velocity with statistically significant changes in knee flexors only

The role of rodents and shrews in the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii to pigs

Inadequate rodent control is considered to play a role in Toxoplasma gondii infection of pigs. This issue was addressed in the current study by combining a 4-month rodent control campaign and a 7-month longitudinal analysis of T. gondii seroprevalence in slaughter pigs. Three organic pig farms with known rodent infestation were included in the study. On these farms, presence of T. gondii in trapped rodents was evaluated by real-time PCR. All rodent species and shrews investigated had T. gondii DNA in brain or heart tissue. Prevalence was 10.3% in Rattus norvegicus, 6.5% in Mus musculus, 14.3% in Apodemus sylvaticus and 13.6% in Crocidura russula. Initial T. gondii seroprevalence in the slaughter pigs ranged between 8% and 17% and dropped on the three farms during the rodent control campaign to 0–10%, respectively. After 4 months of rodent control, T. gondii infection was absent from pigs from two of the three farms investigated and appeared again in one of those two farms after the rodent control campaign had stopped. This study emphasizes the role of rodents and shrews in the transmission of T. gondii to pigs and the importance of rodent control towards production of T. gondii-free pig meat

Fiabilidad absoluta de los índices convencional y funcional y momento máximo de fuerza isocinética de la flexión y extensión de rodilla

Introducción Las pruebas de valoración de fuerza isocinética son probablemente las herramientas de estimación de la función muscular más utilizadas en el ámbito físico-deportivo. Sin embargo, existe una limitada evidencia científica que justifique su uso como herramientas de precisión. Por ello, el objetivo principal de este estudio fue examinar la fiabilidad absoluta de los índices de fuerza convencional y funcional, así como de los picos o momentos máximos de fuerza (PFM) concéntricos y excéntricos de la flexión y extensión de rodilla en adultos jóvenes físicamente activos. Material y métodos Cincuenta y dos participantes completaron 3 sesiones de evaluación de los índices de fuerza convencional y funcional y PFM concéntricos y excéntricos de la flexión y extensión de rodilla, con un intervalo de 72-96h entre sesiones consecutivas. La fiabilidad absoluta intersesión fue examinada mediante el cálculo de los estadísticos cambio en la media entre sesiones de valoración expresado en términos porcentuales (CM), porcentaje del error típico (expresado como coeficiente de variación [CVET]) e índice de correlación intraclase (ICC). Resultado Pobres valores de fiabilidad absoluta se encontraron para los índices convencional (CM=0,2-0,4%; CVTE=16-18%; ICC=0,6-0,7) y funcional (CM=–2,1-0,2%; CVTE=18-20%; ICC=0,3-0,7) de la rodilla. Igualmente, moderados valores de fiabilidad absoluta (CM=–3,0-1,5%; CVTE=9-16%; ICC=0,7-0,9) fueron observados para la variable PFM independientemente del movimiento articular de la rodilla (flexión y extensión), tipo de activación muscular (concéntrica y excéntrica) y velocidad angular (60°/s y 180°/s) empleada. Conclusiones Una modificación mayor de ≈12 y de ≈17% en los valores iníciales de la variable PFM (independientemente del tipo de contracción y movimiento articular) e índices isocinéticos (convencional y funcional), respectivamente, podrían ser considerados como reales y no simplemente debidos al error de la medida. Estos valores de fiabilidad absoluta podrían ser lo suficientemente sensibles como para detectar cambios de gran magnitud, como los acontecidos tras la aplicación de programas de rehabilitación en personas lesionadas

Hopping and landing performance in male youth soccer players: Effects of age and maturation

Quantifying hopping and landing performances can assist coaches in identifying young male soccer players who may be at increased risk of injury. The influence of chronological age and maturation on these measures in this population is unknown. Single leg hop for distance (SLHD) and 75% horizontal hop and stick landing force (75%Hop) were examined in a cross-sectional sample (N=400) of elite male youth soccer players. Between-group differences for both chronological age (U11–U18) and stage of maturation (pre-, circa- or post-peak height velocity (PHV)) were analyzed. Absolute 75%Hop increased with both age and maturation. Apart from the U18s, pre-PHV and U11–U12 players displayed the greatest relative landing forces compared to all other groups (p<0.001; d=0.56–0.93). Absolute and relative SLHD were greatest in the U18s and post-PHV players (p<0.001; d=0.35–2.04). A trend showed increased SLHD with each consecutive age group although a reduction in performance was identified in the U13s (d=0.50–0.59). High volumes of accumulated soccer participation in the U18s may lead to altered landing strategies indicative of high injury risk. A temporary reduction in hop performance in the U13s may also be linked to a period of adolescent awkwardness

An audit of injuries in six English professional soccer academies

Regulations now state that professional academies in the United Kingdom are required to substantially increase the volume of soccer training. This study assessed the current injury occurrence, providing an update to reports published prior to the introduction of the Elite Player Performance Plan (EPPP). 608 soccer players aged 11–18 years from six professional soccer clubs were prospectively monitored, recording injuries during the 2014–2015 season. An injury rate of 1.32 injuries per player/season was indicated with a mean time loss of 21.9 days per injury. The greatest time loss per injury was in the U14s-U15s, and the highest rate of severe injuries in the U15s. Strains and sprains were the most common injury type, with the knee and ankle the most frequently injured anatomical sites. Seasonal variation indicated two peaks in injury incidence, occurring in September and January. In comparison to a published audit prior to the inception of the EPPP, this study indicates that academy soccer players are three-times more likely to experience an injury. Given that time loss and injury severity also increased during periods that typically follow rapid growth, these players should be considered an important group for training load monitoring and injury prevention strategies