Strategieanalyse des deutschen Naturkostfachhandels

Der deutsche Naturkostfachhandel verzeichnete seit einigen Geschäftsquartalen ein stagnierendes oder rückläufiges Wachstum, während der konventionelle Lebensmitteleinzelhandel seine Rolle als führender Anbieter von ökologischen Lebensmitteln weiter ausbaute. Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags war es, die aktuelle Strategie des Naturkostfachhandels zu analysieren und Empfehlungen für seine zukünftige Ausrichtung abzuleiten. Dazu wurden 15 qualitative Interviews mit Experten des deutschen Öko-Marktes nach der Delphi-Methode durchgeführt. Die Experten identifizierten vor allem Schwächen des Naturkostfachhandels, eine klare strategische Positionierung fehle aus ihrer Sicht. Anstatt sich auf eine Niedrigpreis zentrierte Politik zu konzentrieren, sollte der Naturkostfachhandel eine Qualitätsstrategie verfolgen, ein originelles, werthaltiges Sortiment anbieten und kompetente und motivierte Mitarbeiter beschäftigen. Insbesondere Themen wie regionale Bezugsquellen müssen stärker in Angriff genommen werden. Zusätzlich müssen die Werte und die praktischen Leistungen des Naturkostfachhandels Öko-Konsumenten wirkungsvoll vermittelt werden, um langfristig wieder stärker vom Wachstum des Öko-Markts profitieren zu können

Structure and Sodium Ion Dynamics in Sodium Strontium Silicate Investigated by Multinuclear Solid-State NMR

© 2016 American Chemical Society.The high oxide ion conductivity of the proposed sodium strontium silicate ion conductors Sr0.55Na0.45SiO2.775 (>10-2 S·cm-1 at 525 °C) and its unusual alkali metal substitution strategy have been extensively questioned in the literature. Here, we present a comprehensive understanding of the structure of this material using a combination of XRD and multinuclear 17O, 23Na, and 29Si solid-state NMR spectroscopy data and a detailed investigation of the Na ion dynamics by high temperature 23Na NMR line shape analysis and relaxation rates measurements. Both 23Na and 29Si NMR spectra demonstrate the absence of Na doping in strontium silicate SrSiO3 and the presence of an amorphous phase identified as Na2O·2SiO2 glass as the Na-containing product. Devitrification at 800 °C yields crystallization of the Na2O·2SiO2 glass into the known crystalline α-Na2Si2O5 phase which was positively identified by its XRD pattern and the extensive and clear 17O, 23Na, and 29Si NMR fingerprints. High temperature 23Na NMR reveals that the Na ions are mobile in the Na2O·2SiO2 amorphous component below its glass transition temperature (∼450 °C). In contrast, 23Na NMR data obtained on the crystalline α-Na2Si2O5 shows limited Na dynamics below ∼650 °C, and this result explains the large discrepancy in the conductivity observed in the literature which strongly depends on the thermal history of the Sr0.55Na0.45SiO2.775 material. These insights demonstrate that the high conductivity observed in Sr0.55Na0.45SiO2.775 is due to Na conduction in the Na2O·2SiO2 glass, and this motivates the quest for the discovery of low temperature fast ion conductors in noncrystalline solids

High-Rate Intercalation without Nanostructuring in Metastable Nb2O5 Bronze Phases.

Nanostructuring and nanosizing have been widely employed to increase the rate capability in a variety of energy storage materials. While nanoprocessing is required for many materials, we show here that both the capacity and rate performance of low-temperature bronze-phase TT- and T-polymorphs of Nb2O5 are inherent properties of the bulk crystal structure. Their unique "room-and-pillar" NbO6/NbO7 framework structure provides a stable host for lithium intercalation; bond valence sum mapping exposes the degenerate diffusion pathways in the sites (rooms) surrounding the oxygen pillars of this complex structure. Electrochemical analysis of thick films of micrometer-sized, insulating niobia particles indicates that the capacity of the T-phase, measured over a fixed potential window, is limited only by the Ohmic drop up to at least 60C (12.1 A·g(-1)), while the higher temperature (Wadsley-Roth, crystallographic shear structure) H-phase shows high intercalation capacity (>200 mA·h·g(-1)) but only at moderate rates. High-resolution (6/7)Li solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy of T-Nb2O5 revealed two distinct spin reservoirs, a small initial rigid population and a majority-component mobile distribution of lithium. Variable-temperature NMR showed lithium dynamics for the majority lithium characterized by very low activation energies of 58(2)-98(1) meV. The fast rate, high density, good gravimetric capacity, excellent capacity retention, and safety features of bulk, insulating Nb2O5 synthesized in a single step at relatively low temperatures suggest that this material not only is structurally and electronically exceptional but merits consideration for a range of further applications. In addition, the realization of high rate performance without nanostructuring in a complex insulating oxide expands the field for battery material exploration beyond conventional strategies and structural motifs.K.J.G. gratefully acknowledges funding from The Winston Churchill Foundation of the United States and the Herchel Smith Scholarship. A.C.F. and J.M.G thank the EPSRC, via the Supergen consortium, for funding. A.C.F. is also thankful to the Sims Scholarship for support.This is the final version of the article. It first appeared in the American Chemical Society via http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jacs.6b0434

Русский язык - английский язык: политика единоязычия в российском образовании

Статья посвящена прочно закрепившейся в российском образовании политике «английского единоязычия», а также современному состоянию языковой политики в контексте парадигмы русский язык - английский язык. В статье рассмотрены проблемы языкового регулирования и предложена модель лингвообразования, обусловленная социолингвистическими факторами и актуальными глобализационными процессами

Ultra-Fast Molecular Rotors within Porous Organic Cages

These include all the FIDs and raw NMR data published in the paper “Ultra-Fast Molecular Rotors within Porous Organic Cages”, Ashlea R. Hughes, et al., Chemistry – A European Journal., 2017. All NMR data were acquired with TopSpin 3.2. Please see the manuscript for more details