Management und Quantenphysik. Das Beispiel TELE

Die Managementpraxis ist immer noch stark vom Weltbild der klassischen Physik und damit von Reduktionismus, Determinismus und Positivismus geprägt. Ziel dieses Beitrages ist am Beispiel der Wiener Firma TELE zu illustrieren, wie das Paradigma der Quantenphysik in einer Zeit, die durch schnelle Veränderungen und unvorhersehbare Unternehmensumwelten gekennzeichnet ist, Management inspirieren kann. Nach einer kurzen Einführung in die klassische Physik, werden am Beispiel der quantenphysikalischen Phänomene Welle-Teilchen Dualismus, Heisenbergsche Unschärferelation und Feldtheorie Aspekte eines daran orientierten Quantenmanagement illustriert

Media Coverage of Pedophilia and its Impact on Help-seeking Affected

Einleitung: Im Kontrast zur weitverbreiteten Annahme begeht nicht jeder Mensch mit Pädophilie (i. S. einer pädophilen Störung) sexuellen Kindesmissbrauch. Dennoch suggerieren Medienberichte häufig, dass Pädophilie und sexueller Kindesmissbrauch gleichzusetzen sind. Als Konsequenz vermuten Expert:innen die Förderung der gesellschaftlichen Stigmatisierung, welche wiederum eine Erhöhung der Therapiebarriere für hilfesuchende Betroffene (i. S. v. Menschen mit pädophiler Störung) bedeuten kann. Stigma-Studien, die in ihren Stichproben periphere Medieneinflüsse erfasst haben, bestätigen diese Einschätzung. Gegenwärtig fehlt eine umfassende Untersuchung, die sowohl die negativen als auch positiven Medienwirkungen auf hilfesuchende Betroffene erfasst. Aus diesem Grund zielt die vorliegende Dissertation auf die umfangreiche Identifikation von Medienwirkungen auf hilfesuchende Betroffene ab. Darüber hinaus sollen Erkenntnisse generiert werden, wie Medienberichte zu diesem Themenkomplex verbessert werden können, um beispielsweise bestehende Therapiebarrieren zu senken. Methode: Zur Erlangung der Forschungsziele wurden qualitative Expert:inneninterviews mit Therapeut:innen aus dem Indikationsgebiet (n = 11; Studie 1) und Fokusgruppengespräche mit hilfesuchenden Betroffenen (n = 20; Studie 2) durchgeführt. Die Umsetzung beider Studien fand am Berliner Standort des Präventionsnetzwerks „Kein Täter werden“ statt. Ergebnisse: Die Synthese beider Studienergebnisse zeigt, dass Medienberichte über Pädophilie sowohl von hilfesuchenden Betroffenen als auch von Therapeut:innen primär als undifferenziert wahrgenommen werden, auch wenn eine Verbesserung der Qualität über die Jahre berichtet wird. Darüber hinaus konnten negative Einflüsse durch undifferenzierte Medienberichte auf hilfesuchende Betroffene identifiziert werden, die sich auf kognitiver, emotionaler und behavioraler Ebene widerspiegeln (z. B. verringertes Selbstwertgefühl, vereinzelt erhöhte Therapiebarrieren). Im Kontrast dazu unterstützten differenzierte Medienberichte hilfesuchende Betroffene indirekt dabei, Therapieangebote in Anspruch zu nehmen (z. B. durch Artikel über Teilnehmende des Präventionsnetzwerks). Um diese positiven Medienwirkungen auszubauen, wurde in beiden Studien zentral die klare mediale Trennung zwischen Pädophilie, pädophiler Störung und sexuellem Kindesmissbrauch als Verbesserungspotenzial angeführt sowie das Berichten von positiven Rollenbildern (nur Studie 2). Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse der Dissertation zeigen, dass differenzierte Medienberichte über Pädophilie einen positiven Einfluss auf das Leben hilfesuchender Betroffener haben und so indirekt sexuellem Kindesmissbrauch entgegenwirken können. Basierend auf den Resultaten und gegenwärtigen Forschungserkenntnissen anderer Studien wurde als praktische Implikation ein erster journalistischer Leitfaden zum Thema Pädophilie erstellt, um eine Verbesserung der Medienberichterstattung zu fördern.Introduction: Contrary to common assumption, not every person with pedophilia (in terms of a pedophilic disorder) commits child sexual abuse. However, media coverage often suggests that pedophilia and child sexual abuse are equivalent. As a consequence, experts suspect a facilitation of public stigmatization, which in turn may imply an increase in the treatment barrier for help-seeking person with a pedophilic disorder. Stigma studies that have peripherally surveyed media influences in their samples confirm this assessment. At present, a comprehensive study that captures both negative and positive media effects on help-seeking individuals with pedophilic disorder is lacking. For this reason, this dissertation aims to broadly examine media effects on help-seeking affected persons. Beyond that, it aims to generate insights into how media coverage of this topic can be improved, for example, to reduce existing treatment barriers. Method: Qualitative expert interviews with therapists of the indication field (n = 11; study 1) and focus group discussions with help-seeking individuals diagnosed with a pedophilic disorder (n = 20; study 2) were conducted to achieve the aims of the dissertation. The realization of both studies took place at the Berlin site of the prevention network “Kein Täter werden” [meaning: Don´t offend]. Results: The synthesis of studies results reveals that media coverage of pedophilia is primarily perceived as undifferentiated by therapists as well as individuals with pedophilic disorder, even though a quality improvement over the years has been mentioned. Furthermore, negative influences of undifferentiated media coverage on help-seeking persons with pedophilic disorder were identified, reflecting cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes (e.g., reduced self-esteem, occasionally increased treatment barriers). In contrast, differentiated media coverage indirectly supports help-seeking persons in making use of therapy offers (e.g., through articles about patients). In order to expand these positive effects of media coverage, both studies emphasized the clear distinction between pedophilia, pedophilic disorder, and child sexual abuse in media coverage as a potential for improvement, as well as the reporting of positive role models (study 2 only). Conclusion: The results of the dissertation demonstrate that differentiated media coverage of pedophilia can positively impact the lives of help-seeking persons with pedophilic disorder and thus indirectly counteract child sexual abuse. Based on the results and current research evidence from other studies, a pilot journalistic guide on pedophilia was created as a practical implication to support improved media coverage

Media Coverage of Pedophilia and Its Impact on Help-Seeking Persons with Pedophilia in Germany—A Focus Group Study

The public stigma associated with pedophilia, the sexual attraction to prepubescent children, is tremendous. Previous research indicates that undifferentiated media coverage plays an essential role in perpetuating the public stigma by falsely equating pedophilia and child sexual abuse (CSA) and thus may stop persons suffering from a pedophilic disorder from seeking professional help. Until now, a comprehensive examination of positive as well as negative media effects on affected individuals is missing. Therefore, the present study explores if and how media coverage impacts the lives of help-seeking persons with pedophilia by conducting four qualitative focus group discussions with a clinical sample (N = 20) from the German Prevention Network “Kein Täter werden”. Present results demonstrate that media coverage of pedophilia was perceived as mostly undifferentiated, even though participants observed an increase in fact-based reporting over the years. Moreover, it seems that media coverage has strong emotional and behavioral consequences for patients (e.g., negative reporting reduced self-esteem). In sum, our results highlight that differentiated media coverage could play a key role in supporting help-seeking persons with pedophilic disorder, while the impact of undifferentiated media coverage appears to be mostly negative. Therefore, our results point to the need to reframe pedophilia using differentiated media coverage to help affected persons receive treatment efficiently and thereby prevent CSA.publishedVersio

COVID-19 vaccination status in Germany: Factors and reasons for not being vaccinated (yet)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that effective vaccines constitute a central element of successful pandemic control. Although everyone in Germany has had the opportunity to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, some people remain hesitant or refuse to get vaccinated. To address this phenomenon as well as to examine the unvaccinated population more closely, the present study investigates (RQ1) factors explaining the COVID-19 vaccination status (RQ2) trust in different types of COVID-19 vaccines, and (RQ3) people's specific reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Methods: We base our findings on a representative survey that we conducted in Germany in December 2021 with 1,310 respondents. Results: In response to the first research question, a logistic regression shows that trust in specific institutions (e.g., medical experts and authorities) is positively related to vaccination status, whereas trust in companies and COVID-19-related social and alternative media consumption decreases the likelihood of being vaccinated. Furthermore (RQ2), while vaccinated people trust mRNA-based vaccines (e.g., BioNTech), most unvaccinated people put greater trust in recently developed protein-based vaccines (e.g., Novavax), albeit on a low level. Finally, our study reveals (RQ3) that the most important reason why people choose not to get vaccinated is that they wish to make their own decisions about their bodies. Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggest that a successful vaccination campaign should address COVID-19 risk groups and lower income populations, increase trust in different public institutions and newly developed vaccines in advance, establish a multisectoral approach, and debunk fake news and misinformation. Furthermore, since unvaccinated respondents state that the desire to make their own choices about their body is the main reason why they have not gotten vaccinated against COVID-19, an effective vaccination campaign should emphasize the need for general practitioners who have a closer relationship with their patients who, in turn, trust their doctors

COVID-19 vaccination status in Germany: Factors and reasons for not being vaccinated (yet)

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated that effective vaccines constitute a central element of successful pandemic control. Although everyone in Germany has had the opportunity to receive a COVID-19 vaccine, some people remain hesitant or refuse to get vaccinated. To address this phenomenon as well as to examine the unvaccinated population more closely, the present study investigates (RQ1) factors explaining the COVID-19 vaccination status (RQ2) trust in different types of COVID-19 vaccines, and (RQ3) people's specific reasons for not getting vaccinated against COVID-19. Methods: We base our findings on a representative survey that we conducted in Germany in December 2021 with 1,310 respondents. Results: In response to the first research question, a logistic regression shows that trust in specific institutions (e.g., medical experts and authorities) is positively related to vaccination status, whereas trust in companies and COVID-19-related social and alternative media consumption decreases the likelihood of being vaccinated. Furthermore (RQ2), while vaccinated people trust mRNA-based vaccines (e.g., BioNTech), most unvaccinated people put greater trust in recently developed protein-based vaccines (e.g., Novavax), albeit on a low level. Finally, our study reveals (RQ3) that the most important reason why people choose not to get vaccinated is that they wish to make their own decisions about their bodies. Conclusion Based on our results, we suggest that a successful vaccination campaign should address COVID-19 risk groups and lower income populations, increase trust in different public institutions and newly developed vaccines in advance, establish a multisectoral approach, and debunk fake news and misinformation. Furthermore, since unvaccinated respondents state that the desire to make their own choices about their body is the main reason why they have not gotten vaccinated against COVID-19, an effective vaccination campaign should emphasize the need for general practitioners who have a closer relationship with their patients who, in turn, trust their doctors

How Did Corona Crisis Managers in Germany Make Sense of the Psychosocial Situation?

Alongside its immediate consequences for physical health, the current Coronavirus pandemic and the associated containment measures have led to multiple psychosocial consequences for the population. While virus containment is the main motive of crisis management, there is, so far, little evidence on how crisis management actors consider findings about the psychosocial state of the German population. This paper therefore examines the role of psychosocial consequences within the work of crisis management organizations during the Corona pandemic in Germany. Against the theoretical background of the sensemaking concept, 14 qualitative interviews were conducted with decision-makers from municipal and state administrations, public health departments, aid organizations, and critical infrastructure organizations. Our results indicate that crisis managers perceive aspects related to the psychosocial situation as relevant, but in a very selective way. They use different and often non-scientific sources to acquire knowledge about the psychosocial consequences. In sum, these aspects do not play a major role in decision-making processes. We argue that the perception and processing of psychosocial consequences depend in particular on the organizational context such as goals, plausibility assumptions, identity conceptions, and problem frames. In order to extend theoretical models of psychosocial crisis management, more detailed knowledge of sensemaking processes in crisis management organizations is necessary

Abschlussbericht zum BMFTR-Forschungsprojekt

Krisen und Katastrophen nehmen zu, beeinflussen einander, sind entgrenzt und komplexer geworden. Zudem zeichnen sich Krisen und Katastrophen vermehrt durch Gleichzeitigkeit oder wechselseitige Verstärkung verbundener Risiken sowie die Zunahme von Ambiguität, Unsicherheit und Nichtwissen als deren gesellschaftliche Folgen aus. Krisenereignisse, wie Pandemien oder geopolitische Spannungen können mittel- bis langfristige Auswirkungen auf die Bevölkerung, z. B. als Stressor, haben. Studien belegen in diesem Kontext häufig negative psychosoziale Konsequenzen, wie Ängste oder Depressivität, wie beispielsweise während der Corona-Pandemie. Auch wenn Krisen und Katastrophen häufig mit psychosozialen Belastungen einhergehen, werden diese häufig sekundär adressiert, wie die Corona-Pandemie und die anfangs epidemiologisch-virologische Fokussierung belegen. Zur Schaffung einer resilienten Gesellschaft ist es jedoch wichtig, auch während Krisen und Katastrophen psychosoziale Auswirkungen zu identifizieren, um eine situative Handlungsfähigkeit zu gewährleisten sowie langfristig präventive Maßnahmen für Krisen und Katastrophen daraus abzuleiten. Das Forschungsvorhaben „Bewältigung Psychosozialer Lagen in Krisen und Katastrophen“ (PsychoKat) adressiert daher die psychosozialen Auswirkungen multipler Krisen und Katastrophen auf die Gesellschaft sowie auf bestimmte Gruppen mittels eines multi-thematischen und multi-methodischen Ansatzes systematisch, theoriebasiert und empirisch. Die generierten Erkenntnisse wurden durch verschiedene Methoden erhoben, visualisiert sowie das Wissen zielgruppengerecht in die Praxis als Entscheidungsunterstützung transferiert. Das PsychoKat-Projekt hatte das Gesamtziel der Verbesserung der Erfassung, Aufbereitung und Darstellung der psychosozialen Lage der Bevölkerung in Deutschland

Near-monochromatic high-harmonic radiation from relativistic laser-plasma interactions with blazed grating surfaces

Abstract Intense, femtosecond laser interactions with blazed grating targets are studied through experiment and particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The high harmonic spectrum produced by the laser is angularly dispersed by the grating leading to near-monochromatic spectra emitted at different angles, each dominated by a single harmonic and its integer-multiples. The spectrum emitted in the direction of the third-harmonic diffraction order is measured to contain distinct peaks at the 9th and 12th harmonics which agree well with two-dimensional PIC simulations using the same grating geometry. This confirms that surface smoothing effects do not dominate the far-field distributions for surface features with sizes on the order of the grating grooves whilst also showing this to be a viable method of producing near-monochromatic, short-pulsed extreme-ultraviolet radiation