Sales and Title and the Proposed Code

Electric powertrain faults that could occur during normal driving can affect the dynamic behaviour of the vehicle and might result in significant course deviations. The severity depends both on the characteristics of the fault itself as well as on how sensitive the vehicle reacts to this type of fault. In this work, a sensitivity study is conducted on the effects of vehicle design parameters, such as geometries and tyre characteristics, and fault characteristics. The vehicle specifications are based on three different parameter sets representing a small city car, a medium-sized sedan and a large passenger car. The evaluation criteria cover the main motions of the vehicle, i.e. longitudinal velocity difference, lateral offset and side slip angle on the rear axle as indicator of the directional stability. A design of experiments approach is applied and the influence on the course deviation is analysed for each studied parameter separately and for all first order combinations. Vehicle parameters of high sensitivity have been found for each criterion. The mass factor is highly relevant for all three motions, while the additional factors wheel base, track width, yaw inertia and vehicle velocity are mainly influencing the lateral and the yaw motion. Changes in the tyre parameters are in general less significant than the vehicle parameters. Among the tyre parameters, the stiffness factor of the tyres on the rear axle has the major influence resulting in a reduction of the course deviation for a stiffer tyre. The fault amplitude is an important fault parameter, together with the fault starting gradient and number of wheels with fault. In this study, it was found that a larger vehicle representing a SUV is more sensitive to these types of faults. To conclude, the result of an electric powertrain fault can cause significant course deviations for all three vehicle types studied.QC 20140909</p

The Alaska Workers’ Compensation Law: Fact-Finding, Appellate Review, and the Presumption of Compensability

This paper presents a fault handling strategy for electric vehicles with in-wheel motors. The ap-plied control algorithm is based on tyre-force allocation. One complex tyre-force allocation meth-od, which requires non-linear optimization, as well as a simpler tyre force allocation method are developed and applied. A comparison between them is conducted and evaluated against a standard reference vehicle with an Electronic Stability Control (ESC) algorithm. The faults in consideration are electrical faults that can arise in in-wheel motors of permanent-magnet type. The results show for both tyre-force allocation methods an improved re-allocation after a severe fault and thus re-sults in an improved state trajectory recovery. Thereby the proposed fault handling strategy be-comes an important component to improve system dependability and secure vehicle safety.QC 20130611</p

Two-photon interference from two blinking quantum emitters

We investigate the effect of blinking on the two-photon interference measurement from two independent quantum emitters. We find that blinking significantly alters the statistics in the second-order intensity correlation function g$^{(2)}(\tau)$ and the outcome of two-photon interference measurements performed with independent quantum emitters. We theoretically demonstrate that the presence of blinking can be experimentally recognized by a deviation from the g$^{(2)}_{D}(0)=0.5$ value when distinguishable photons impinge on a beam splitter. Our results show that blinking imposes a mandatory cross-check measurement to correctly estimate the degree of indistinguishablility of photons emitted by independent quantum emitters

Dairy cow copper status in molybdenum rich areas

Koppar (Cu) är ett essentiellt spårämne med flertalet funktioner hos idisslare men både över- och underutfodring kan ha negativa effekter på djurets hälsa och produktion. Utöver det interagerar Cu med andra mineraler i våmmen vilket minskar tillgängligheten av Cu i tunntarmen. En av de mest avgörande antagonisterna för kopparupptag är molybden (Mo) som tillsammans med svavel (S) binder till Cu och bildar olösliga komplex. Molybden överförs från jord till gräs vilket resulterar i höga molybdenkoncentrationer i foder som är skördat från molybdenrika jordar. Högplatåerna kring Falköping är ett sådant område och för att motverka den inhiberande effekten av Mo tillförs extra Cu till mjölkkofoderstater i området. Idag är leverprover den vanligaste metoden för att utvärdera kopparstatus, antingen från leverbiopsi eller från slaktade djur. En metod för att utvärdera Cu status som kan implementeras i rutinskötsel av mjölkkor i områden med molybdenrika jordar hade varit ett viktigt verktyg för att säkerställa korrekt utfodring av Cu. Målet med denna studie var därför att utvärdera och jämföra kopparstatus på mjölkbesättningar i Falköpingsområdet med höga och låga molybdenkoncentrationer i fodret. Fokus i detta masterarbete var på Cu som utsöndras via träck, urin och mjölk då dessa metoder skulle vara möjligt att genomföra som del av rutinskötsel i mjölkkobesättningar. 10 mjölkgårdar i Västra Götaland valdes ut för att delta i studien baserat på molybdenkoncentrationen i hemodlat grovfoder. 5 av gårdarna hade högt (HI) molybdeninnehåll (≥ 5 mg Mo/kg ts) och 5 av gårdarna hade lågt (LO) molybdeninnehåll (≤ 1.2 mg Mo/kg ts) i grovfodret. På varje gård provtogs 5 kor på träck, urin och mjölk. Proverna analyserades för kopparkoncentration. Utöver detta provtogs även allt hemodlat foder för mineralinnehåll och en endagars foderstatskontroll genomfördes för att skatta dagligt foderintag, inklusive mineraler. Kopparkoncentrationen i proverna jämfördes med intag samt analyserades för korrelationer. Kopparkoncentrationen i både träck (FCu) och urin (UCu) påverkades av intaget av Cu, dock inte av molybdenintaget. Kopparkoncentrationen i mjölk (MCu) påverkades varken av koppar- eller molybdenintag. Inga prover visade någon skillnad mellan gårdar som var HI eller LO, troligen till följd av lägre kopparutfodring än förväntat. Träckprov har i denna studie visat sig har störst potential för att användas som ett verktyg att utvärdera kopparupptag hos mjölkkor men vidare forskning är nödvändig för att bekräfta dess korrelationer med kopparstatus.Copper (Cu) is an essential trace mineral with several important functions in ruminants, but both under- and over feeding of Cu can have negative effects on the animals health and production. In addition, Cu interacts with other mineral elements in the rumen, which decrease the Cu availability in the small intestine. One of the major antagonists of Cu uptake is molybdenum (Mo) which together with sulphur (S) binds to Cu, forming insoluble complexes. Molybdenum is transferred from soil to crops which results in high Mo concentrations in feed harvested from Mo rich soils. The high plateaus around Falköping, Sweden, is an area with high Mo soils. To compensate for the inhibitory effect of Mo, extra supplementary Cu is included in the rations to dairy cows in the area. At present, the most common method for assessing Cu status is analysis of liver samples, either as liver biopsy or from slaughtered animals. A method for monitoring Cu status which could be implemented into routine management of dairy herds in high Mo areas would be an important tool to ensure correct supplementation of Cu. The objective of this study was therefore to evaluate and compare Cu status in dairy herds located in the area around Falköping, Sweden, with high or low Mo concentrations in the feed. Focus in this master thesis was on Cu excreted in faeces, urine and milk as these methods could be relatively easy to implement in routine management of dairy herds. 10 dairy farms in Västra Götaland, Sweden, were chosen for the study based on the Mo levels in their home grown forage. 5 farms had high (HI) levels of Mo (≥ 5 mg Mo/kg DM) and 5 farms had low (LO) levels of Mo (≤ 1.2 mg Mo/kg DM) in their forage. On each farm 5 lactating cows were sampled for faeces, urine and milk and the samples were analysed for Cu concentration. In addition, feedstuffs produced on the farm were analysed for mineral content and a one day feeding control was performed to estimate daily feed intake, including mineral intake. Sample Cu concentrations were compared with intake and analysed for correlations. Both faecal (FCu) and urine (UCu) Cu concentration was affected by intake of Cu but not intake of Mo. Milk Cu concentration (MCu) was not affected by intake of either Cu or Mo. In none of the samples a difference between HI or LO farms could be observed, probably because of lower Cu supplementation than expected on HI farms. Faecal samples had the highest potential for being a useful tool in monitoring of Cu status but further research is needed to confirm its correlations with Cu status

Gun violence and school achievement: Evidence from Sweden

MSc in EconomicsThis paper examines how educational outcomes in grade six are affected by gun violence that occurs in proximity to primary schools in Sweden. With geo-referenced data on gun violence over the period between 2018 and 2022, the thesis geographically matches spatial data on 1,811 shootings with national test results in mathematics and background data on 2,304 Swedish primary schools. To identify the impact of gun violence, the main analysis relies on temporal and spatial variation in the occurrence of shootings. The empirical results consistently indicate a negative relationship between exposure to gun violence and students’ school outcomes. The negative relationship seems to be relatively short-term but could have negative consequences for students’ future life outcomes

The State of the Art in PR Evaluation

As the boundaries between different communication disciplines blur, PR experts are forced to operate in increasingly competitive business environments. They are pressured to prove the usefulness of their activities in measurable terms. Evaluation techniques are key to this challenge as they have the potential to win over organisational decision makers and to help steer communication programmes effectively. By using qualitative interviews, this master thesis aims at understanding the state of the art in PR evaluation in Sweden. State of the art, in this case, is defined as the current level of development reached through existing methods. This research wants to contribute to the debate around the role of evaluation in PR by adding an understanding of what consultants believe influence their practices. The study’s results suggest that PR consultants perform evaluation measures merely to the degree the client demands, although this often involves very basic research methods. The findings also draw attention to a gap between theoretical best practises in PR evaluation and their actual implementation. The results moreover show possible pathways of influence responsible for this discrepancy. For instance, we see that consultants might be shaped by the state of PR (such as its poor reputation), the client’s organisational culture, and her/his own personality. Overall, the findings implicate that PR agencies create a loop of pressure among each other by using unreliable evaluation methods. These combined influences should be validated in future research. For future studies, it is important to note that the thesis has been limited to agency settings. Therefore, it would be of value to include practitioner experiences in other environments

Physics Informed Neural Network for thermal modeling of an Electric Motor

Abstract Artificial intelligence and machine learning are becoming increasingly significant, and the need to investigate the potential for different areas arises. This project investigated the potential of utilizing data-driven techniques for the thermal model of the motor drive system at Volvo GTT. The aim was to incorporate the already-known physics of the system into the data-driven models through different constraints to achieve higher performance. The physics-informed neural network was built using the PyTorch framework, and the project tested multiple types of networks and hyperparameters. Another model was created using the Nerve framework developed by Volvo. The Nerve model only took one week to develop, which is significantly shorter than the four months it took to develop the PINN model. The Nerve model underwent training on a large amount of data, but its ability to accurately predict the output of the thermal model was inconsistent. It was shown that the self-developed data-driven gated recurrent unit model can model the system effectively. Further, the data-driven model with physical constraints performed better than the models without incorporating previously known physics. The best performance acquired in this investigation showed an 80 % reduction in MAE loss for power loss estimations and a 53 % reduction in winding temperature estimations when incorporating physics compared to a purely data driven model. Based on the results, it is clear that PINNs have great potential for applications where there is a shortage of available data. In such cases, traditional data-driven models may not be able to accurately capture the dynamics of the thermal model as effectively as the PINN

Key Success Factors for Collaborative Innovation in Silicon Valley

Authors: Jonathan Eng Stensson and Mattias Wessman Supervisors: Charlotta Johnsson, Associate Professor, Department of Automatic Control, Faculty of Engineering, Lund University Stein Kleppestø, Associate Professor, Department of Business Administration, Lund University Johan Sjöberg, Innovation Program Manager, Ericsson, Stockholm Kristoffer Gronowski, Principal Researcher, Ericsson, Silicon Valley Problematization: Given that collaboration is vital for innovation, a first step is to find a suitable collaboration partner. A company that is looking for a collaboration partner needs to create a suitable value proposition that focuses on the benefits for the potential partner. These needs are complex to understand and might be affected by the surroundings and context of the collaboration. Furthermore, it is probably not enough to know only what the collaboration partner is asking for, but also how to cope with it and make it available. Purpose: The purpose of this master thesis is to facilitate for large multinational technology companies when designing their value proposition toward collaboration partners in Silicon Valley. Methodology: This explorative master thesis started by generating an understanding about the Silicon Valley ecosystem and its characteristics. Through multiple interviews, the empirical data collection apprehended the needs of different players in a collaboration with a large multinational technology company. Deeper interviews, aiming to present a broad range of insights, were conducted to study large multinational technology companies’ thoughts and ways of working to fulfill the players’ needs. A brief literature review was used to complement the findings. Conclusions: The Silicon Valley ecosystem has six main characteristics. The characteristics themselves are not unique but it is instead the critical mass of each individual aspect, and the mixture of them, that characterizes the Silicon Valley ecosystem. In the creation of a suitable value proposition toward collaboration partners, there are many needs that are essential. Large multinational technology companies are well aware of the above needs, but some of them are regarded as complex and challenging to cope with in an optimal manner. Companies in Silicon Valley agree that collaboration with external partners is vital. A large multinational technology company should focus on offering financial incentives such as licensing deals or incentives for increased sales, as well as corporate synergy, as a part of their value proposition toward external partners