Immigrant Voices: How do patterns of expressive forms of civic engagement differ across immigrant generation?

Prior research suggests that immigrants in the U.S. are less likely to civically engage than the native-born, but few studies have systematically examined whether levels of expressive engagement differ by immigrant generational status – particularly in the case of contacting a public official and boycotting or buycotting products for political or social reasons. Using the Current Population Survey, November 2011 and 2013 Civic Engagement Supplements, this study examines whether these forms of expressive engagement differ across immigrant generational status, and by race and ethnicity within immigrant generations. In accord with classical assimilation theory, the findings show that the first generation is less likely than the third+ generation to participate in either form of engagement. However, the second generation is more likely to boycott or buycott and as likely to contact an official compared to the third+ generation. While whites tend to be more likely than blacks, Hispanics and Asians to participate in both forms of engagement across all immigrant generational statuses, there is a notable exception. Second-generation blacks are as likely as second-generation whites to contact an official and to boycott or buycott

Effects of 3-Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training on Running Economy and Endurance

Please view abstract in the attached PDF fil

Immigrant Voices: How do patterns of expressive forms of civic engagement differ across immigrant generation?

Prior research suggests that immigrants in the U.S. are less likely to civically engage than the native-born, but few studies have systematically examined whether levels of expressive engagement differ by immigrant generational status – particularly in the case of contacting a public official and boycotting or buycotting products for political or social reasons. Using the Current Population Survey, November 2011 and 2013 Civic Engagement Supplements, this study examines whether these forms of expressive engagement differ across immigrant generational status, and by race and ethnicity within immigrant generations. In accord with classical assimilation theory, the findings show that the first generation is less likely than the third+ generation to participate in either form of engagement. However, the second generation is more likely to boycott or buycott and as likely to contact an official compared to the third+ generation. While whites tend to be more likely than blacks, Hispanics and Asians to participate in both forms of engagement across all immigrant generational statuses, there is a notable exception. Second-generation blacks are as likely as second-generation whites to contact an official and to boycott or buycott

Use of Long-Distance Migration Patterns of an Endangered Species to Inform Conservation Planning for the World's Largest Marine Protected Area

Large marine protected areas (MPAs), each hundreds of thousands of square kilometers, have been set up by governments around the world over the last decade as part of efforts to reduce ocean biodiversity declines, yet their efficacy is hotly debated. The Chagos Archipelago MPA (640,000 km2) (Indian Ocean) lies at the heart of this debate. We conducted the first satellite tracking of a migratory species, the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), within the MPA and assessed the species’ use of protected versus unprotected areas. We developed an approach to estimate length of residence within the MPA that may have utility across migratory taxa including tuna and sharks. We recorded the longest ever published migration for an adult cheloniid turtle (3979 km). Seven of 8 tracked individuals migrated to distant foraging grounds, often 1000 km outside the MPA. One turtle traveled to foraging grounds within the MPA. Thus, networks of small MPAs, developed synergistically with larger MPAs, may increase the amount of time migrating species spend within protected areas. The MPA will protect turtles during the breeding season and will protect some turtles on their foraging grounds within the MPA and others during the first part of their long-distance postbreeding oceanic migrations. International cooperation will be needed to develop the network of small MPAs needed to supplement the Chagos Archipelago MPA

Global Conservation Priorities for Marine Turtles

Where conservation resources are limited and conservation targets are diverse, robust yet flexible priority-setting frameworks are vital. Priority-setting is especially important for geographically widespread species with distinct populations subject to multiple threats that operate on different spatial and temporal scales. Marine turtles are widely distributed and exhibit intra-specific variations in population sizes and trends, as well as reproduction and morphology. However, current global extinction risk assessment frameworks do not assess conservation status of spatially and biologically distinct marine turtle Regional Management Units (RMUs), and thus do not capture variations in population trends, impacts of threats, or necessary conservation actions across individual populations. To address this issue, we developed a new assessment framework that allowed us to evaluate, compare and organize marine turtle RMUs according to status and threats criteria. Because conservation priorities can vary widely (i.e. from avoiding imminent extinction to maintaining long-term monitoring efforts) we developed a “conservation priorities portfolio” system using categories of paired risk and threats scores for all RMUs (n = 58). We performed these assessments and rankings globally, by species, by ocean basin, and by recognized geopolitical bodies to identify patterns in risk, threats, and data gaps at different scales. This process resulted in characterization of risk and threats to all marine turtle RMUs, including identification of the world's 11 most endangered marine turtle RMUs based on highest risk and threats scores. This system also highlighted important gaps in available information that is crucial for accurate conservation assessments. Overall, this priority-setting framework can provide guidance for research and conservation priorities at multiple relevant scales, and should serve as a model for conservation status assessments and priority-setting for widespread, long-lived taxa

Hispanic health in the USA: a scoping review of the literature

Hispanics are the largest minority group in the USA. They contribute to the economy, cultural diversity, and health of the nation. Assessing their health status and health needs is key to inform health policy formulation and program implementation. To this end, we conducted a scoping review of the literature and national statistics on Hispanic health in the USA using a modified social-ecological framework that includes social determinants of health, health disparities, risk factors, and health services, as they shape the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. These social, environmental, and biological forces have modified the epidemiologic profile of Hispanics in the USA, with cancer being the leading cause of mortality, followed by cardiovascular diseases and unintentional injuries. Implementation of the Affordable Care Act has resulted in improved access to health services for Hispanics, but challenges remain due to limited cultural sensitivity, health literacy, and a shortage of Hispanic health care providers. Acculturation barriers and underinsured or uninsured status remain as major obstacles to health care access. Advantageous health outcomes from the “Hispanic Mortality Paradox” and the “Latina Birth Outcomes Paradox” persist, but health gains may be offset in the future by increasing rates of obesity and diabetes. Recommendations focus on the adoption of the Health in All Policies framework, expanding access to health care, developing cultural sensitivity in the health care workforce, and generating and disseminating research findings on Hispanic health

Wiener klinische Wochenschrift ; Nr. 43 ; 1900 / Ein Beitrag zur Frage der Entstehung einer acuten Nephritis bei Secundärsyphilis (Nephritis syphilitica praecox) : aus der medicinischen Klinik des Prof. Anton Gluzinski in Lemberg

von Dr. Abraham Stepler, k. u. k. Regimentsarz

Machine Learning-Based Troubled-Cell Indicators for RKDG Methods

Solving partial differential equations (PDEs) numerically is an ongoing challenge, especially given the complicated PDEs that arise from scientific applications. Hyperbolic conservation laws are a specific type of PDEs arising from physical situations where a quantity such as mass, momentum, or energy is conserved in a fixed volume. However, the solutions to this class of PDEs often develop discontinuities as time evolves. These discontinuities often cause spurious oscillations in the numerical solution, reducing the solver's accuracy. To eliminate spurious oscillations, shock-capturing methods identify the location of discontinuities, labeling them as troubled cells, and smooth the solution in those cells. For this thesis, troubled-cell indicators are examined in the context of the Runge-Kutta Discontinuous Galerkin method for hyperbolic conservation laws. Unfortunately, many existing troubled-cell indicators rely on problem-dependent parameters that do not generalize across different initial conditions, conservation laws, or degrees of the solution. Therefore, the goal of this thesis is to compare the performance of machine-learning based methods, which are free of problem-dependent parameters, to a selection of existing troubled-cell indicators in a variety of one-dimensional cases. This thesis will discuss the use of support vector machines (SVMs) and decision trees as alternatives to traditional troubled-cell indicators and neural networks (created by Ray and Hesthaven, for example). While neural networks have been successful, their complicated nature inhibits interpretation of the troubled cell decision function. We show that SVMs are competitive with other troubled cell indicators in a variety of conservation law examples and analyze the SVM in comparison to the neural networks of Ray and Hesthaven

Proteomics to Study Racial Disparities in Alzheimer’s Disease

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) disproportionately affects African American/Black adults, leading to disparities in relation to non-Hispanic White adults. Though many factors such as socioeconomic factors and comorbidities are known to contribute to these disparities, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unknown. Proteomics enables the study of thousands of proteins in biological samples such as cell lysates and postmortem brain tissue and was applied in this work to address this knowledge gap. Structural and proteomics analyses of cell models revealed that a mutation in the phospholipid-transporting ATPase ABCA7 (ABCA7) gene, associated with AD in African American/Black adults, had a subtle impact on the cellular proteome and lipid-binding abilities of ABCA7. Previous proteomics studies of postmortem brain tissue in AD have included primarily non-Hispanic White adults and have lacked racial/ethnic diversity. Proteomics analyses of postmortem brain tissue from two distinct cohorts consisting of African American/Black and non-Hispanic White adults who were cognitively normal (CN) or diagnosed with AD revealed many novel differentially-expressed proteins in AD, likely due to the diversity of these cohorts and the brain regions studied. Furthermore, these analyses also identified a subset of proteins that changed only in one racial group and not the other in AD. Machine learning models based on existing brain proteomics datasets were used to test how well these datasets performed when applied to datasets that included African American/Black adults. This work emphasizes the need for diversity in AD studies to better understand AD pathogenesis at the molecular level across racial groups, and furthermore to understand potential strategies to reduce racial disparities in AD

Immigrant Voices: How do patterns of expressive forms of civic engagement differ across immigrant generation?

Prior research suggests that immigrants in the U.S. are less likely to civically engage than the native-born, but few studies have systematically examined whether levels of expressive engagement differ by immigrant generational status – particularly in the case of contacting a public official and boycotting or buycotting products for political or social reasons. Using the Current Population Survey, November 2011 and 2013 Civic Engagement Supplements, this study examines whether these forms of expressive engagement differ across immigrant generational status, and by race and ethnicity within immigrant generations. In accord with classical assimilation theory, the findings show that the first generation is less likely than the third+ generation to participate in either form of engagement. However, the second generation is more likely to boycott or buycott and as likely to contact an official compared to the third+ generation. While whites tend to be more likely than blacks, Hispanics and Asians to participate in both forms of engagement across all immigrant generational statuses, there is a notable exception. Second-generation blacks are as likely as second-generation whites to contact an official and to boycott or buycott