Industry structures and systems governing the imposition and disbursement of marketing and research and development (R&D) levies in the agriculture sector

Levies and charges are taxes initiated by primary industries and imposed on the producers in that industry in order to pool resources and to find solutions to priority issues. This review examines the systems by which agricultural levies are monitored and enforced in order to most effectively use R&D funds to assist producers.  1.1 On 2 September 2014, the following matters were referred to the Senate Rural and Regional Affairs and Transport References Committee (committee) for inquiry and report by 24 November 2014: The industry structures and systems governing the imposition of and disbursement of marketing and research and development (R&D) levies in the agricultural sector, with particular reference to: a. an audit of reports, inquiries and reviews relevant to this inquiry; b. the basis on which levies are imposed, collected and used; c. competing pressures for finite R&D funds; d. the opportunities levy payers have to influence the investment of the levies; e. the opportunities levy payers have to approve and reapprove the imposition of levies; f. the transformation of R&D and marketing into increased returns at the farm gate, including the effectiveness of extension systems; g. collaboration on research to benefit multiple industry and research sectors; h. industry governance arrangements, consultation and reporting frameworks; and i. any other related matter. 1.2 On 2 October 2014, the Senate granted an extension of time to report. The committee was required to report by 30 June 2015. Membership of the committee Members Senator Glenn Sterle, Chair Western Australia, ALP Senator the Hon Bill Heffernan, Deputy Chair New South Wales, LP Senator Joe Bullock Western Australia, ALP Senator Sue Lines Western Australia, ALP Senator John Williams New South Wales, NATS Senator Peter Whish-Wilson Tasmania, AG Substitute members for this inquiry Senator Chris Back Western Australia, LP to replace Senator the Hon Bill Heffernan on 20 February 2015 Other Senators participating in this inquiry Senator Chris Back Western Australia, LP Senator Sean Edwards South Australia, LP Senator Alex Gallacher South Australia, ALP Senator David Leyonhjelm New South Wales, LDP Senator the Hon Ian Macdonald Queensland, LP Senator Linda Reynolds Western Australia, LP Senator Anne Ruston South Australia, LP Senator Rachel Siewert Western Australia, A

Ionosperic refraction modeling for better autonomous GNSS code positioning: in preparation of solar cycle 24.\ud

This paper describes GNSS-processing optimisation\ud for better autonomous single-point positioning using\ud single frequency code receivers. GNSS processing\ud improvement is carried out in terms of near-real time\ud ionosphere delay modelling, which will be crucial\ud during the upcoming 24th maximum solar cycle. The\ud main scope of this article is to examine how sudden\ud changes in the ionosphere, caused by events on the\ud Sun, affect autonomous single-point positioning in\ud simple navigation tasks. Further, the specific method\ud of ionosphere delay modelling from actual twofrequency\ud receivers, acquiring carrier phase and code\ud observations, is shown. The modelled value of the\ud ionospheric refraction, which is given in GNSS path\ud delay, is further used in point positioning from singlefrequency\ud code instruments. In addition, we show\ud the advantage of GNSS permanent stations that can\ud supply a wide range of users with better ionosphere\ud data in near real time. From actual experiments, the\ud magnitude of the ionospheric impact on each specific\ud 3D position component is shown and further improved\ud using modelled ionosphere delay values. Finally, we\ud show how to improve GNSS position determination\ud from simple single- or two-frequency GNSS code or\ud carrier-phase receivers in differential GNSS method.\ud This study was conducted for preparations for the\ud upcoming solar cycle maximum, expected to be held\ud in May 2013

PPP method for static GNSS survey

This paper presents Precise Point Positioning (PPP),\ud a method of GPS observation processing from a single\ud receiver that provides coordinates of the highest quality.\ud The requirements for high quality results are an exact\ud mathematical model, high quality GPS biases modelling,\ud and high quality IGS products. On the basis of monthly\ud GPS observations from a permanent station GRAZ in\ud Graz, Austria, we will demonstrate that PPP method is\ud able to determine stations position with the accuracy and\ud precision of a centimetre in the ITRF global coordinate\ud frame. Because of high precision transformation between\ud ITRF and ETRS89, the PPP method can also be used\ud in Slovenia to determine high precision positions in the\ud national coordinate reference system of Slovenia (D96/TM),\ud as it is based on ETRS89

Statistical Properties of Strain and Rotation Tensors in Geodetic Network

This article deals with the characteristics of deformation of a body or a figure represented by discrete points of geodetic network. In each point of geodetic network kinematic quantities are considered normal strain, shear strain, and rotation. They are computed from strain and rotation tensors represented by displacement gradient matrix on the basis of known point displacement vector. Deformation analysis requires the appropriate treatment of kinematic quantities. Thus statistical properties of each quantity in a single point of geodetic network have to be known. Empirical results have shown that statistical properties are strongly related to the orientation in single point and local geometry of the geodetic network. Based on the known probability distribution of kinematic quantities the confidence areas for each quantity in a certain point can be defined. Based on this we can carry out appropriate statistical testing and decide whether the deformation of network in each point is statistically significant or not. On the other hand, we are able to ascertain the quality of the geometry of the geodetic network. The known characteristics of the probability distributions of two strain parameters and rotation in each point can serve as useful tools in the procedures of optimizing the geometry of the geodetic networks

Geodesy in Geotechnics\ud

Geodetic methods are one of the possible means of determining the stability of geotechnical objects. The determination of the displacements of the geotechnical objects is specific due to the size and the expected displacements. The expected size of the displacement determines the necessary precision of the displacement determination, whereas the size of the object determines the method of the geodetic measurement. We choose either the terrestrical or the GNSS methods. There is no relevant legal framework for geotechnical measurements. For this reason, we present the characteristics of the single methods and suggest general recommendations regarding the implementation of the geodetic procedures when monitoring the displacements of the geotechnical objects. The recommendations are intended for geotechnical engineers planning the geotechnical objects and the operators of geodetic measurements and investors. The recommendations the facilitate supervision of the geotechnical projects

Realisation of geodesy in geotechnics

This paper deals with surveying activities in order to define the displacement of the Earth's crust, local displacements of the Earth's surface, and the displacement and deformation of constructed buildings. The determinations of horizontal movements in the terrestrial network, in the terrestrial altitude network and in the GNSS network are dealt with at two levels of accuracy. Geotechnical surveying activities are explained in the paper and demonstrated in the table. The paper Geodesy in geotechnics, published in Geodetski vestnik 54(1), and this paper present an integral whole

Thyroid status modulates T lymphoma growth via cell cycle regulatory proteins and angiogenesis

We have shown in vitro that thyroid hormones (THs) regulate the balance between proliferation and apoptosis of T lymphoma cells. The effects of THs on tumor development have been studied, but the results are still controversial. Herein, we show the modulatory action of thyroid status on the in vivo growth of T lymphoma cells. For this purpose, euthyroid, hypothyroid, and hyperthyroid mice received inoculations of EL4 cells to allow the development of solid tumors. Tumors in the hyperthyroid animals exhibited a higher growth rate, as evidenced by the early appearance of palpable solid tumors and the increased tumor volume. These results are consistent with the rate of cell division determined by staining tumor cells with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester. Additionally, hyperthyroid mice exhibited reduced survival. Hypothyroid mice did not differ significantly from the euthyroid controls with respect to these parameters. Additionally, only tumors from hyperthyroid animals had increased expression levels of proliferating cell nuclear antigen and active caspase 3. Differential expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins was also observed. The levels of cyclins D1 and D3 were augmented in the tumors of the hyperthyroid animals, whereas the cell cycle inhibitors p16/INK4A (CDKN2A) and p27/Kip1 (CDKN1B) and the tumor suppressor p53 (TRP53) were increased in hypothyroid mice. Intratumoral and peritumoral vasculogenesis was increased only in hyperthyroid mice. Therefore, we propose that the thyroid status modulates the in vivo growth of EL4 T lymphoma through the regulation of cyclin, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, and tumor suppressor gene expression, as well as the stimulation of angiogenesis.Fil: Sterle, Helena Andrea. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; ArgentinaFil: Valli, Eduardo. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; ArgentinaFil: Cayrol, Maria Florencia. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; ArgentinaFil: Paulazo, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Centro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos; ArgentinaFil: Martinel Lamas, Diego José. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz Flaqué, María Celeste. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; ArgentinaFil: Klecha, Alicia Juana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; ArgentinaFil: Colombo, L.. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Oncología ; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Vanina Araceli. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Cremaschi, Graciela Alicia. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica; Argentina. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; ArgentinaFil: Barreiro Arcos, María Laura. Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina ; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica; Argentin

Iowa State University Department of Animal Science Undergraduate Teaching Update

For the first time in eleven years, undergraduate student enrollment in the Animal Science department decreased slightly. A total of 1,078 undergraduate students were enrolled as Animal Science, Dairy Science and General Pre-Veterinary Medicine majors fall semester 2017. Placement numbers remain high, with over 97% of graduates either entering graduate or professional school or gaining employment within six months of graduation. Undergraduate student enrollment in the Department of Animal Science reached a record in 2016 with 1131 students

Officiant

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