Could have done otherwise, action sentences and anaphora

What does it mean to say of a certain agent, S, that he or she could have done otherwise? Clearly, it means nothing at all, unless the anaphoric devices within the sentence have been anchored to definite antecedents. In this paper, I shall argue that there may be more ways of effecting this anchoring than is commonly supposed, and hence more questions potentially available to be asked by means of the formulation ‘Could S have done otherwise?’ than is generally assumed to be the case in most of the relevant literature

The culture of water cure in nineteenth-century Austria, 1800-1914

This chapter was an invited contribution to an edited collection, bringing together new and international scholarship in an examination of the relationship between the modern practices of tourism and the built environment. The chapter draws on primary and secondary sources in an analysis of the ways in which Italy was perceived and experienced by British tourists during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Utilising a model for analysing tourist behaviour developed within anthropological and ethnographical studies of tourism, the theme of the essay is the way in which tourist practices and performance of place contributed to the construction and maintenance of bourgeois social identities in the period. The chapter originated as a paper at an international conference, and was subsequently published as an article in Journeys: An International Journal of Travel and Travel Writing, 1 (1-2). This chapter however, constitutes a development and reworking of that material to contribute to the contextualisation of the project. It is one of a series of papers to be submitted for PhD by published work, dealing with different aspects of the relationship between tourism and the formation of social and cultural identities. ‘How and where to go: Tourism and the Growth of the Travel Press, 1860- 1914’, in J.K. Walton (ed.), Tourisms: Identities, Environments, Conflicts and Histories (Channel View: 2005), for example, focuses on the emergence of travel journalism, as does ‘Grant Allen and the Business of Travel’ in W. Greenslade and T. Rodgers (eds.) Grant Allen: Literature and Cultural politics at the Fin-de-Siècle (Ashgate, 2005). A Northumbria Small Research Grant provided funding for travel for archival research and conferences. The essay was translated into Spanish. as 'Actuación en el extranjero: los turistas británicos en Italia y sus prácticas, 1840-1914.’ in B. McLaren and D. Medina Lasansky (eds.), Aquitectura y turismo (2006)

Protein synthesis at synaptic sites on dendrites

Studies over the past 20 years have revealed that gene expression in neurons is carried out by a distributed network of translational machinery. One component of this network is localized in dendrites, where polyribosomes and associated membranous elements are positioned beneath synapses and translate a particular population of dendritic mRNAs. The localization of translation machinery and mRNAs at synapses endows individual synapses with the capability to independently control synaptic strength through the local synthesis of proteins. The present review discusses recent studies linking synaptic plasticity to dendritic protein synthesis and mRNA trafficking and considers how these processes are regulated. We summarize recent information about how synaptic signaling is coupled to local translation and to the delivery of newly transcribed mRNAs to activated synaptic sites and how local translation may play a role in activity-dependent synaptic modification

Moral responsibility and the irrelevance of physics: Fischer's semi-compatibilism vs anti-fundamentalism

[FIRST PARAGRAPH] 'My Way' is a collection of Fischer’s recent work on moral responsibility which provides an excellent overview of the position that he has (with Mark Ravizza) steadily worked over the last twenty years or so to develop, clarify and defend – the doctrine he calls semi-compatibilism, which combines compatibilism about determinism and moral responsibility, with agnosticism about those more traditional varieties of compatibilism which assert that determinism is consistent with the existence of alternative possibilities. In some ways, indeed, My Way might be regarded as a better route into Fischer’s distinctive outlook than Responsibility and Control, the 1998 book, jointly authored with Mark Ravizza, in which the details of the semi-compatibilist theory are painstakingly worked out – for those details are complex, and it can be easy to lose sight of the shape of the semi-compatibilist woods while trying to make ones way amongst the very considerable number of trees which are required to stake out the territory. The essays which constitute My Way provide a somewhat gentler, though perhaps more circuitous route through the terrain. Early chapters provide an outline of the position which is less burdened by the considerable intricacies demanded by a book which aimed to be a complete statement of the ‘official’ version; while later ones, often written in response to specific worries or objections, seemed to me to offer more help with understanding how it is proposed to deal with the most obvious concerns one might have about the view, than does the rather denser presentation of Responsibility and Control

Coplanar interconnection module

Module for interconnecting a semiconductor array to external leads or components incorporates a metal external heat sink for cooling the array. Heat sink, extending down from the molded block that supports the array, is immersed in a liquid nitrogen bath which is designed to maintain the desired array temperature

Tributes to G.E. Steward

https://digitalcommons.acu.edu/crs_books/1231/thumbnail.jp

Control and Evaluation Methods for Multi-Mode Steering

A self-propelled agricultural sprayer was modified to enable both front and rear wheel steering through electrohydraulic control valves. These modifications, in conjunction with a digital controller, enabled the vehicle to be four-wheel steered in multiple modes. The research focused on modeling and evaluating the effect of multi-mode four-wheel steering on vehicle handling characteristics and vehicle performance of the sprayer. The multi-mode steering system was evaluated by driving the sprayer through specified paths in the different steering modes. The position and heading of the vehicle were measured for each mode using two dual frequency DGPS receivers. From the measure of vehicle posture, sprayer performance measures such as over/underspray and crop damage were assessed for each steering mode. Preliminary results show that drivers were able to take advantage of added maneuverability in headland turning procedures. Crab steering reduced the amount of area sprayed in error during lateral course adjustments. The steering and vehicle models yielded similar responses to steering inputs as experimental responses

Targeted Sampling of Elevation Data Based on Spatial Uncertainty of Prior Measurements

An efficient sampling strategy should address knowledge gaps, rather than exhaustively collect redundant data. In this study, spatial uncertainty in DEM estimates was used to locate targeted sampling areas in the field. An agricultural vehicle equipped with RTK-DGPS was driven across a 2.3 ha field area to measure the field elevation. Data were collected at 3.05 m (10 ft) intervals in a continuous fashion at a speed of 9.6 mph. A geostatistical simulation technique was used to simulate field DEMs with different measurement pass intervals and to quantitatively assess the spatial uncertainty of the DEM estimates. The high uncertainty areas for each DEMs were classified using image segmentation methods and targeted sampling was performed on those areas. The resulting DEMs were compared with each other to evaluate the effect of including targeted measurement on DEM accuracy. The addition of targeted measurements significantly reduced the time dedicated for the re-sampling effort and resulted in DEMs with lower RMSE. For the widest interval between sampling passes, the RMSE of 0.46 m of the DEM was reduced to 0.25 m after adding the targeted measurements which was close to the 0.22 m RMSE of DEM with whole field re-sampling. The results show that spatial uncertainty models are useful to design targeted sampling for field mapping. The method is not limited to map elevation data but can be extended for mapping other spatial data