"Und Hirten waren in dieser Gegend ..." : Hermeneutische und exegetische Überlegungen zum Verständnis der Geburtsverkündigung Lk 2,8-20

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The Impact of Fundamental Development Factors on Different Income Groups: International Evidence

We jointly analyze the causal effects of geography, trade integration, and institutional quality on different income groups for developing and developed countries from 1983 to 2012. Favorable geographic conditions tend to discriminate strongly between income groups as low incomes benefit whereas high incomes decline. Controlling for institutional quality and geography, trade integration has a negative effect which increases in absolute size and significance for higher income groups. Institutional quality strongly and positively affects all income groups, however, high income groups tend to profit relatively more than low income groups. These findings are robust for different specification tests and they are consistent over time

Marriage Age Affects Educational Gender Inequality: International Evidence

This paper examines the effect of female age at marriage on female education and educational gender inequality. We provide empirical evidence that early female marriage age significantly decreases female education with panel data from 1980 to 2010. Socio-cultural customs serve as an exogenous identification for female age at marriage. We also show that effects of spousal age gaps between men and women significantly affect female education relative to male education. Each additional year between husband and wife reduces the female secondary schooling completion rate by 14 percentage points, the time women spend at university by 6 weeks, and overall affects female education significantly more negatively than male education. We also document that marriage age and conventional measures of gender discrimination do not act as substitutes

Simultaneous, in situ measurements of OH and HO_2 in the stratosphere

Stratospheric OH and HO_2 radical densities have been measured between 36 and 23 km using a balloon-borne, in situ instrument launched from Palestine, TX on August 25, 1989. OH is detected using the laser-induced fluorescence technique (LIF) employing a Cu-vapor-laser pumped dye laser coupled with an enclosed-flow detection chamber. HO_2 is detected nearly simultaneously by adding No to the sample flow to convert ambient HO_2 to OH. Observed OH and HO_2 densities ranged from 8.0 ± 2.8 × 10^6 and 1.4 ± 0.5 × 10^7 molec cm^(−3), respectively, at 36 km, to 1.4± 0.5 × 10^6 and 3.0± 1.0 × 10^6 at 23 km, where the uncertainty is ±1σ. The HO_2 density exhibits a maximum in the 34–30 km of 1.7±0.6 × 10^7. The data were obtained over a solar zenith angle variation of 51° at 36 km to 61° at 23 km. O_3 and H_2O densities also were measured simultaneously with separate instruments

Balloon borne in-situ detection of OH in the stratosphere from 37 to 23 km

The OH number density in the stratosphere has been measured over the altitude interval of 37 to 23 km at midday via a balloon-borne gondola launched from Palestine, Texas on July 6, 1988. OH radicals are detected with a laser induced fluorescence instrument employing a 17 kHz repetition rate copper vapor laser pumped dye laser optically coupled to an enclosed flow, in-situ sampling chamber. OH abundances ranged from 88±31 pptv (1.1 ± 0.4 × 10^7 molec cm^(−3)) in the 36 to 35 km interval to 0.9 ± 0.8 pptv (8.7 ± 7.7 × 10^5 molec cm^(−3)) in the 24 to 23 km interval. The stated uncertainty (±1σ) includes that from both measurement precision and accuracy. Simultaneous detection of ozone and water vapor densities was carried out with separate on-board instruments

The nuvola for the new centro congressi in rome

In Rome’s EUR district, a new congress centre has opened recently, designed by the Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas. The project consists of three main elements, which the architect calls „Teca“ (theca), „Lama“ (blade) and „Nuvola“ (cloud). The central element located inside the Teca is the Nuvola. Almost floating only with few points fixed to the floor and to the building, it dominates the huge glass box. The Nuvola is a membrane cladded steel structure with a length of 126 m, a width of 65 m and a height of 29 m. It contains a café, foyers, meeting rooms and an auditorium for 2000 spectators. The paper is about this central element, the Nuvola from the geometry driven design process to the installation. It describes the design process, especially the very complex formfinding process in order to achieve the defined geometry derived from a nurbs shape. The analysis process with mock-up installations is presented, as well as the detailing and the automated process for the workshop design and the cutting pattern

From NURBS to Textile Architecture

NURBS models are used in the architectural design to develop new geometries. This document describes the process from the pure geometry to a feasible membrane shape, which is still compatible with the design intend of the architect

Simultaneous, in situ measurements of OH, HO_2, O_3, and H_2O: A test of modeled stratospheric HO_x chemistry

Simultaneous, in situ measurements of OH, HO_2, H_2O, and O_3 from 37–23 km are reported. The partitioning between OH and HO_2 and the total HO_x concentration are compared with expected steady-state values. The ratio of HO_2 to OH varies from less than 2 at 36 km to more than 3 at 25 km; in the lower stratosphere this ratio is nearly a factor of two less than predicted. The data are used to calculate HO_x production and loss rates. The measured HOx mixing ratio is consistent with production dominated by the reaction of O(1D) with H_2O, and loss controlled by NO_y below 28 km and HO_x above 30 km. The steady-state concentration of H_2O_2 is inferred from the measured HO_2 concentration and calculated photolysis rate. The maximum H_2O_2 mixing ratio (at 33 km) is predicted to be less than 0.2 ppb