Management of tuberculosis: training for health facility staff

Module A: Introduction -- Module B: Detect Cases of TB -- Module C: Treat TB Patients -- Module D: Inform Patients about TB -- Module E: Identify and Supervise Community TB Treatment Supporters -- Module F: Manage Drugs and Supplies for TB -- Module G: Ensure Continuation of TB Treatment -- Module H: Monitor TB Case Detection and Treatment -- Module I: TB Infection Control in your Health Facility -- Module J: Field Exercise - Observe TB Management -- Module K: Management of Tuberculosis Reference Booklet -- Module L: Facilitator Guide -- Module M: Answer Sheets."WHO/HTM/TB/2009.423.""The following organizations contributed to the development of the modules through the Tuberculosis Control Assistance Program (TB-CAP): the American Thoracic Society (ATS), Management Sciences for Health (MSH), the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation.""This updated version was tested through the support of the Division of Tuberculosis Elimination of the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

“Rapid-Impact Interventions”: How a Policy of Integrated Control for Africa's Neglected Tropical Diseases Could Benefit the Poor

Controlling seven tropical infections in Africa would cost just 40 cents per person per year, and would permanently benefit hundreds of millions of people

Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibition in patients hospitalised with COVID-19 : a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial

Acknowledgments This study was funded by an investigator-initiated research grant from Insmed (Bridgewater, NJ, USA). The authors acknowledge Stephen Senn (Edinburgh, UK) for independent statistical advice and Alex McConnachie (University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK), Aran Singanayagam (Imperial College, London, UK), Oriol Sibila (Hospital Clínic Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain), and Petra Rauchhaus (University of Dundee, Dundee, UK) for serving as the independent data monitoring committee. The STOP-COVID19 study was designated an urgent public health priority study by the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research. The authors acknowledge the funding and logistical support from the UK National Institute for Health and Care Research. unding Sponsored by the University of Dundee and supported through an Investigator Initiated Research award from Insmed, Bridgewater, NJ; STOP-COVID19 trial. Funding Sponsored by the University of Dundee and supported through an Investigator Initiated Research award from Insmed, Bridgewater, NJ; STOP-COVID19 trial.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Natural variation in immune responses to neonatal mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (BCG) vaccination in a cohort of Gambian infants

Background There is a need for new vaccines for tuberculosis (TB) that protect against adult pulmonary disease in regions where BCG is not effective. However, BCG could remain integral to TB control programmes because neonatal BCG protects against disseminated forms of childhood TB and many new vaccines rely on BCG to prime immunity or are recombinant strains of BCG. Interferon-gamma (IFN-) is required for immunity to mycobacteria and used as a marker of immunity when new vaccines are tested. Although BCG is widely given to neonates IFN- responses to BCG in this age group are poorly described. Characterisation of IFN- responses to BCG is required for interpretation of vaccine immunogenicity study data where BCG is part of the vaccination strategy. Methodology/Principal Findings 236 healthy Gambian babies were vaccinated with M. bovis BCG at birth. IFN-, interleukin (IL)-5 and IL-13 responses to purified protein derivative (PPD), killed Mycobacterium tuberculosis (KMTB), M. tuberculosis short term culture filtrate (STCF) and M. bovis BCG antigen 85 complex (Ag85) were measured in a whole blood assay two months after vaccination. Cytokine responses varied up to 10 log-fold within this population. The majority of infants (89-98% depending on the antigen) made IFN- responses and there was significant correlation between IFN- responses to the different mycobacterial antigens (Spearman’s coefficient ranged from 0.340 to 0.675, p=10-6-10-22). IL-13 and IL-5 responses were generally low and there were more non-responders (33-75%) for these cytokines. Nonetheless, significant correlations were observed for IL-13 and IL-5 responses to different mycobacterial antigens Conclusions/Significance Cytokine responses to mycobacterial antigens in BCG-vaccinated infants are heterogeneous and there is significant inter-individual variation. Further studies in large populations of infants are required to identify the factors that determine variation in IFN- responses

One Stop Student Services Newsletter: Fall 2020

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