4,207 research outputs found

    Curated Collections for Educators: Eight Key Papers about Feedback in Medical Education

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    Feedback is an essential part of learning, growth, and academic success. Junior faculty members are often unfamiliar with the grounding literature that defines feedback. Many times they receive little education on providing and receiving feedback, resulting in unhelpful "feedback" for both learners and program leadership alike. This article aims to summarize eight key papers on feedback, to outline relevant information for emerging clinician educators, and identify ways to use these resources for the faculty development. In order to generate a list of key papers that describes the importance and significance of feedback, the authors conducted a consensus-building process to identify the top papers. In August and September, 2018, the 2018-2019 Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) Faculty Incubator program discussed the topic of feedback in medical education. A number of papers on the topic was highlighted. This list of papers was further augmented using the suggestions and expertise of guest experts who are leaders in the field of medical education and feedback. The authors also used social media to conduct an open call on Twitter for important papers regarding feedback (utilizing #meded, #Feedback hashtags). Via this process, a list of 88 key papers was identified on the topic of feedback in medical education. After compiling these papers, the authorship group engaged in a modified Delphi approach to build consensus on the top eight papers on feedback. These papers were deemed essential by the authors and have been summarized with respect to their relevance to junior faculty members and to faculty developers. In this manuscript, we present eight key papers addressing feedback in medical education with discussions and applications for junior faculty members and faculty developers. This list of articles that can serve to help junior clinician educators grow in their ability to give effective feedback and also serve as resources upon which senior faculty can design the faculty development sessions

    Suppression of carrier induced ferromagnetism by composition and spin fluctuations in diluted magnetic semiconductors

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    We suggest an approach to account for spatial (composition) and thermal fluctuations in "disordered" magnetic models (e.g. Heisenberg, Ising) with given spatial dependence of magnetic spin-spin interaction. Our approach is based on introduction of fluctuating molecular field (rather than mean field) acting between the spins. The distribution function of the above field is derived self-consistently. In general case this function is not Gaussian, latter asymptotics occurs only at sufficiently large spins (magnetic ions) concentrations nin_i. Our approach permits to derive the equation for a critical temperature TcT_c of ferromagnetic phase transition with respect to the above fluctuations. We apply our theory to the analysis of influence of composition fluctuations on TcT_c in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMS) with RKKY indirect spin-spin interaction.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

    Experimental evidence for topological surface states wrapping around bulk SnTe crystal

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    We demonstrate that the metallic topological surface states wrap on all sides the 3D topological crystalline insulator SnTe. This is achieved by studying oscillatory quantum magneto-transport and magnetization at tilted magnetic fields which enables us to observe simultaneous contributions from neighbouring sample sides. Taking into account pinning of the Fermi energy by the SnTe reservoir we successfully describe theoretically the de Haas-van Alphen oscillations of magnetization. The determined \pi-Berry phase of surface states confirms their Dirac fermion character. We independently observe oscillatory contributions of magneto-transport and magnetization originating from the bulk SnTe reservoir of high hole density. It is concluded that the bulk and surface Landau states exist in parallel. Our main result that the bulk reservoir is surrounded on all sides by the topological surface states has an universal character.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, 12 pages supplemental materia

    Cumulant expansion for phonon contributions to the electron spectral function

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    We describe an approach for calculations of phonon contributions to the electron spectral function, including both quasiparticle properties and satellites. The method is based on a cumulant expansion for the retarded one-electron Green's function and a many-pole model for the electron self-energy. The electron-phonon couplings are calculated from the Eliashberg functions, and the phonon density of states is obtained from a Lanczos representation of the phonon Green's function. Our calculations incorporate ab initio dynamical matrices and electron-phonon couplings from the density functional theory code ABINIT. Illustrative results are presented for several elemental metals and for Einstein and Debye models with a range of coupling constants. These are compared with experiment and other theoretical models. Estimates of corrections to Migdal's theorem are obtained by comparing with leading order contributions to the self-energy, and are found to be significant only for large electron-phonon couplings at low temperatures

    South Pole Telescope Software Systems: Control, Monitoring, and Data Acquisition

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    We present the software system used to control and operate the South Pole Telescope. The South Pole Telescope is a 10-meter millimeter-wavelength telescope designed to measure anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at arcminute angular resolution. In the austral summer of 2011/12, the SPT was equipped with a new polarization-sensitive camera, which consists of 1536 transition-edge sensor bolometers. The bolometers are read out using 36 independent digital frequency multiplexing (DfMux) readout boards, each with its own embedded processors. These autonomous boards control and read out data from the focal plane with on-board software and firmware. An overall control software system running on a separate control computer controls the DfMux boards, the cryostat and all other aspects of telescope operation. This control software collects and monitors data in real-time, and stores the data to disk for transfer to the United States for analysis
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