Who Solves Your Most Urgent Medical Questions?

If such specialized training is necessary to become a physician, why do we think that a 10-minute web search will provide an answer to our medical problems? Posting about reliable sources of medical information from In All Things - an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world. http://inallthings.org/who-solves-your-most-urgent-medical-questions

Joining Christ in Mission

Christ has a healing mission. The question with which some of us struggle is how can we join with Christ in his healing mission? Posting about Christ\u27s mission in and to the world from In All Things - an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world. http://inallthings.org/joining-christ-in-mission

Healing Mission of Christ

Sometimes, we put our faith in the wrong places, and yet Christ heals. Posting about ­­­­­­­­Jesus\u27 healing ministry in the Bible from In All Things - an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world. http://inallthings.org/the-healing-mission-of-christ

Science Associated with Producing GMOs

Are our understandings of GMOs based in reality? Are GMOs bad? Are they good? Should we make them? These are challenging questions. We, as a society, must discuss the issues. Posting about the science associated with GMOs from In All Things - an online hub committed to the claim that the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus Christ has implications for the entire world. http://inallthings.org/the-science-associated-with-producing-gmos

Entorhinal cortex volume is associated with episodic memory related brain activation in normal aging and amnesic mild cognitive impairment

The present study examined the relationship between entorhinal cortex and hippocampal volume with fMRI activation during episodic memory function in elderly controls with no cognitive impairment and individuals with amnesic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Both groups displayed limited evidence for a relationship between hippocampal volume and fMRI activation. Smaller right entorhinal cortex volume was correlated with reduced activation in left and right medial frontal cortex (BA 8) during incidental encoding for both aMCI and elderly controls. However, during recognition, smaller left entorhinal cortex volume correlated with reduced activation in right BA 8 for the control group, but greater activation for the aMCI group. There was no significant relationship between entorhinal cortex volume and activation during intentional encoding in either group. The recognition-related dissociation in structure/function relationships in aMCI paralleled our behavioral findings, where individuals with aMCI displayed poorer performance relative to controls during recognition, but not encoding. Taken together, these results suggest that the relationship between entorhinal cortex volume and fMRI activation during episodic memory function is altered in individuals with aMCI.Illinois. Department of Public HealthNational Institute on Aging (Grant P01 AG09466)National Institute on Aging (Grant P30 AG10161)National Institute on Aging (Grant R01 AG017917)National Institute on Aging (Grant T32 AG000257

Skeleton keys and Trojan horses: a review of therapeutic delivery to the brain

BackgroundThe advances in genetic medicine that have occurred in the last few decades have been tempered by the challenges in delivering those medicines to the desired organs and cell types. Nowhere has this delivery challenge been greater than in the brain, due to the blood brain barrier (BBB), often illustrated as an impenetrable castle wall. As the need for neurological therapies grows, an assortment of Trojan horse and skeleton key strategies have been designed to allow passage of therapeutics through the BBB, These range from designer viral vectors, to cell penetrating peptides that can target cell surface receptors, to genetically modifying hematopoietic stem cells, to lipid nanoparticles that pass through the cell membrane.ResultsThis review will examine the precise method that each delivery vehicle uses to enter and transverse the endothelial layer of the to BBB and arrive in the brain parenchyma. The advantages and challenges of each delivery strategy will be discussed, as will the most recent clinical trials using these technologies.ConclusionThere are several extremely promising delivery vehicles that are able to cross the BBB and deliver genetic therapies to neuronal cells. Several of these delivery vehicles have already been approved for use in patients. As these delivery vehicles become further optimized there is the potential to treat a majority of neurological disease and disorders

Proteomic and Phospho-Proteomic Profile of Human Platelets in Basal, Resting State: Insights into Integrin Signaling

During atherogenesis and vascular inflammation quiescent platelets are activated to increase the surface expression and ligand affinity of the integrin αIIbβ3 via inside-out signaling. Diverse signals such as thrombin, ADP and epinephrine transduce signals through their respective GPCRs to activate protein kinases that ultimately lead to the phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of the integrin αIIbβ3 and augment its function. The signaling pathways that transmit signals from the GPCR to the cytosolic domain of the integrin are not well defined. In an effort to better understand these pathways, we employed a combination of proteomic profiling and computational analyses of isolated human platelets. We analyzed ten independent human samples and identified a total of 1507 unique proteins in platelets. This is the most comprehensive platelet proteome assembled to date and includes 190 membrane-associated and 262 phosphorylated proteins, which were identified via independent proteomic and phospho-proteomic profiling. We used this proteomic dataset to create a platelet protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and applied novel contextual information about the phosphorylation step to introduce limited directionality in the PPI graph. This newly developed contextual PPI network computationally recapitulated an integrin signaling pathway. Most importantly, our approach not only provided insights into the mechanism of integrin αIIbβ3 activation in resting platelets but also provides an improved model for analysis and discovery of PPI dynamics and signaling pathways in the future