High magnetic field superconducting properties of Nb3Sn films Final report

High magnetic field superconducting properties of niobium stannide films and shielding characterictics of stannide layer

Factors Affecting Purchase of Locally Grown Produce: A Case Study of New Hampshire Markets

There has been a recent focus on expanding local agriculture production in New Hampshire, and more information on consumer decision making in regard to local food purchasing is needed. Expansion of local food production and consumption has been of great interest in the past several years, with many consumers becoming increasingly curious about where their food comes from. Concerns about disease, environmental damage, fossil fuel usage, and recently food chain disruption due to COVID-19 as well as the health of local economies have fostered this awareness about the origins of our food (Onozaka et al. 2010; Thilmany et al. 2020). This thesis uses results from focus groups consisting of New Hampshire residents to inform a state-wide survey on consumer behavior, attitudes, and characteristics relating to local produce. Results are used to identify factors that influence consumption of local produce. For the purpose of this study, “local produce” is defined as any fruit or vegetable grown in the New England region. The qualitative results indicate that the average consumer of local produce is older, has a higher income, and has more formal education than the average New Hampshire resident. Additionally, there is correlation between social capital-related factors and increased purchasing of local produce. Consumers who value supporting local business and purchase local produce due to the sense of community surrounding it have a higher probability of purchasing significant amounts of their produce locally compared to consumers who do not value these attributes. The effects of only two explanatory variables proved to be statistically significant in the binary regression model, representing the amount of local produce purchased during the winter months, and variety as a factor for determining food shopping location. The combination of the qualitative and quantitative results allow for a better understanding of what factors drive local produce purchasing among New Hampshire residents

A human colonic crypt culture system to study regulation of stem cell-driven tissue renewal and physiological function

The intestinal epithelium is one of the most rapidly renewing tissues in the human body and fulfils vital physiological roles such as barrier function and transport of nutrients and fluid. Investigation of gut epithelial physiology in health and disease has been hampered by the lack of ex vivo models of the native human intestinal epithelium. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in defining intestinal stem cells and in generating intestinal organoid cultures. In parallel, we have developed a 3D culture system of the native human colonic epithelium that recapitulates the topological hierarchy of stem cell-driven tissue renewal and permits the physiological study of native polarized epithelial cells. Here we describe methods to establish 3D cultures of intact human colonic crypts and conduct real-time imaging of intestinal tissue renewal, cellular signalling, and physiological function, in conjunction with manipulation of gene expression by lentiviral or adenoviral transduction. Visualization of mRNA- and protein-expression patterns in cultured human colonic crypts, and cross-validation with crypts derived from fixed mucosal biopsies, is also described. Alongside studies using intestinal organoids, the near-native human colonic crypt culture model will help to bridge the gap that exists between investigation of colon cancer cell lines and/or animal (tissue) studies, and progression to clinical trials. To this end, the near native human colonic crypt model provides a platform to aid the development of novel strategies for the prevention of inflammatory bowel disease and cancer

Academic discourse: An ethnography of the public and private literacies of university students

This study is about the various meanings that being literate holds for two students in an academic setting. The study begins in a description of a prose writing classroom where informants are located and then goes on to follow two students from prose writing into other settings across the curriculum to consider how talk, reading, and writing are used in these classrooms. The data was collected using a number of field methods such as participant observation and intensive interviews as well as non-interactive methods such as textual and transcript analysis. Two extensive case studies form the center of the study. The results from this study suggest that academic literacy cannot be untied from a student\u27s holistic literacy: that the package comes complete. Students approach academic reading and writing tasks from the lens of both gender and human development as well as from the unique lens of private literacies, all issues which often are neglected in college classrooms. Ideas are offered for how reading, writing and talking may be used to undergird learning in all settings in higher education, not just in writing courses

Stable Cyclopropenium-Based Radicals

Stable radicals have enjoyed widespread use in a variety of fields including synthetic chemistry, materials chemistry, energy storage, and biochemistry. This thesis outlines our investigations of cyclopropenium-based stable radicals and their application as redox mediators, redox-active ligands, catalysts, and materials for energy storage. The first chapter gives a brief overview of the use of radicals in synthetic chemistry. The principles that govern the stability of radicals is discussed and notable examples are highlighted. The second section of the first chapter reviews the aromatic platforms that have been developed by the Lambert group and how they might be converted into stable radical species. The second chapter details our study of 2,3-diaminocyclpropenones as stable radicals. These electron rich cyclopropenium derivatives undergo facile oxidation to yield a radical cation species. The origin of the stability of this oxygen-centered radical was elucidated by density functional theory calculations and analysis of the crystal structure. Diaminocyclopropenones were also found to be effective neutral L-type ligands in Ce(IV) complexes. EPR and UV-VIS experiments revealed that these complexes exhibited reversible homolytic dissociation of their diaminocyclopropenone ligands. The third chapter describes the use of trisaminocyclopropeniums as catholytes for nonaqueous redox flow batteries. A newly designed trisaminocyclopropenium structure could be accessed in large quantities and showed long lasting stability in its oxidized state. A new composite polyionic material was developed for use as a membrane suitable for organic solvent and high voltages. Cycling in combination with a perylenediimide anolyte yielded a 1.7 V battery that exhibited excellent coulombic efficiency and capacity retention. Using a spiro-bis(phthalimido) anolyte afforded a battery with an open circuit voltage of 2.8 V. The fourth chapter details how our battery studies with trisaminocyclopropenium radical dications led us to discover their photoinduced reactivity. We developed an electrophotocatalytic platform using trisaminocyclopropeniums as a species capable of being activated by both photochemical and electrochemical energy. The excited state oxidation potential of the doubly activated species was found to be +3.33 V, which was capable of effecting oxidative coupling reactions using both arenes and ethers as substrates. Density functional theory calculations and spectroscopic experiments revealed that the photoreactivity was due to a SOMO-inversion event. The trisaminocyclopropenium radical dication could be prepared on scale via direct electrolysis and subsequently used in high throughput screening

Reactor Core Isolation Cooling Pump Performance in Multiphase Conditions

The Reactor Core Isolation Cooling (RCIC) system is found in certain boiling water reactor power plants. The RCIC system is meant to provide coolant to the reactor pressure vessel (RPV) in certain cases when the vessel is isolated from the main steam turbines and condensers. In 2011, the Great East Tohoku earthquake in Japan caused the operation of three reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear site to be interrupted. The seismic activity initiated the shutdown of the three reactors and the RCIC system came online in the two reactors equipped with a RCIC system. The RPV must have decay heat removal after shutdown. In the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident the RCIC system, it is believed, removed this decay heat from units 2 and 3 for 70 and 20 hours respectively. This greatly exceeds the expected RCIC run time of 4-8 hours, which is why the RCIC system has drawn great amounts of attention since the accidents. Experimental demonstration of this extended operation of the RCIC system shows that the system could be more capable of providing cooling than previously thought. As this performance in practice is far greater than the anticipated operation duration, the RCIC system merits increased study into its performance, specifically, in beyond design accidents and station blackout conditions. A Computational Multiphase Fluid Dynamics (CMFD) simulation was developed herein for implementation in STAR-CCM+. This simulation studied the RCIC pump performance and degradation due to changes in turbine performance and heat up of the Suppression Pool. As the RCIC pump and turbine are physically on the same shaft, the turbine’s performance has direct implications on the performance of the pump. One of the pump suction sources is the Suppression Pool, so a heat up of the Suppression pool could introduce two-phase flow at the pump inlet. A centrifugal pump similar to those used in RCIC Systems was created in the CMFD model to explore the pump performance as it is affected by Gas Void Fraction, and impeller rotational speed. The goal of this thesis is to develop, implement, and apply detailed mathematical models of the RCIC system pump so its performance in beyond design accident and station blackout conditions can be better understoo

Goal Attainment and Quality of Life through Inclusive College

With growing opportunity for students with intellectual and developmental disability to access a variety of inclusive higher education programs comes an increased need for program implementers to evaluate practices and outcomes alongside participants. This mixed method, exploratory study examines self-determined goal setting, goal attainment, and quality of life within an inclusive college program as a measure of participant outcome and program evaluation. Furthermore, it provides implications for the importance of self-determined learning and participant voice within program planning, revision, and implementation.

Antitumor effector B cells directly kill tumor cells via the Fas/FasL pathway and are regulated by IL‐10

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111143/1/eji3242.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/111143/2/eji3242-sup-0001-PRC.pd