People of the Road: the Role of Ethnic Origin in Migration Decisions. A Study of Slovak Roma Asylum-Seekers in the Czech Republic in 1998-2006

This paper deals with the analyzing possible inter-dependence between ethnical origin and migration. Evidence suggests that ethnicity might impersonalize strong cultural and socio-demographical characteristics that should not be omitted when accessing migration or trying to explain migration flows (either on regional, national or international level). In the empirical part of the paper the case-study of Slovak Roma asylum migrations to the Czech Republic in the 1998-2006 is used in order to test an impact of ethnical factor on migrations. The paper attempts to find out whether Slovak Roma asylum-seekers were drawn just by economic incentives, or whether there are some other "immeasurable" factors (such as ethnical origin) that were behind their decision-making. The conclusions advocate that economic differences between regions and countries do not provide sufficient grounds for explanation of migration and that ethnic origin in itself might be regarded as one of the powerful determinants of migration.migration; international migrations; Roma; ethnic origin

Ready to Go? EU Enlargement and Migration Potential: Lessons from the Czech Republic in the Context of the Irish Migration Experience

EU enlargement is hardly can be seen as the major push factor for migration. There are mainly economic factors that influence the migration decisions. Besides it seems that there is a migration potential, unique for every country, that pre-determines the migration or labor mobility. In our paper we (i) analyze the impact of internal economic factors, such as GDP growth, unemployment and wages on the emigration rate and (ii) compare the migration potential for the country distinguished by the high ratio of outward migrations (represented by Ireland) with those of the post-communist economy as well as the “new” EU Member (represented by the Czech Republic). We come to conclusions that economic factors have the decisive role on pre-determining the migrations and that migration potential and the propensity to migrate as a reaction to worsening of the economic conditions at home are highly correlated. These can explain why there was no mass emigration from the EU “new” Member States to the “old” Member States after the recent Enlargement, as far as it comes to migration potential needed for inducing such labour moves. The potential emigrants from new EU Members States are simply not ready to go to wealthier Member States in search of better wage and employment opportunities.migration; labour mobility; EU enlargement; Czech Republic; Ireland

Turkey and the European Union: possible incidence of the EU accession on migration flows

This paper analyzes possible incidences of Turkish EU accession on the emigration from Turkey to the European Union. Panel data estimators are applied on the emigration data from EU-18 into Germany in order to construct possible future scenarios of Turkish migration to the EU. Eventual migration flows from Turkey into the EU are forecasted based on the estimated results. We find that seemingly unrelated regressor is the most efficient estimator that can be applied in Turkey-EU migration framework. Our results reveal that both the network effect and target country labour market conditions represent the strongest determinants for migration, whilst the effect of per capita income is actually relatively low. In particular, Turkish per capita income does not have nearly any effect on migration, because it enters the model in two variables that work against each other. Furthermore, a very low importance of opening the German labour market for Turkish migrants is found. Estimated coefficients are used to predict migrations to Germany and through appropriate extrapolations to the whole European Union (EU). Three scenarios of migration are created and the sensitivity of estimated coefficients on migration from Turkey into the Germany during next 25 years is further discussed in detail.Economy of migration, Turkey, EU Enlargement, panel data, seemingly unrelated regression

Innovations in tourism marketing: e-services and modern technologies

Nowadays, when a plethora of innovations found its way into the field of tourism marketing, the impact of the new technologies is likely to change the way international tourism will develop in the forthcoming decades (see Beeton, 2004; or Carl et al., 2007)

Turkey and the Europan Union: Possible incidence of the EU accession on migration flows

This paper analyzes possible incidences of Turkish EU accession on the emigration from Turkey to the European Union. Panel data estimators are applied on the emigration data from EU-18 into Germany in order to construct possible future scenarios of Turkish migration to the EU. Eventual migration flows from Turkey into the EU are forecasted based on the estimated results. We find that seemingly unrelated regressor is the most efficient estimator that can be applied in Turkey-EU migration framework. Our results reveal that both the network effect and target country labour market conditions represent the strongest determinants for migration, whilst the effect of per capita income is actually relatively low. In particular, Turkish per capita income does not have nearly any effect on migration, because it enters the model in two variables that work against each other. Furthermore, a very low importance of opening the German labour market for Turkish migrants is found. Estimated coefficients are used to predict migrations to Germany and through appropriate extrapolations to the whole European Union (EU). Three scenarios of migration are created and the sensitivity of estimated coefficients on migration from Turkey into the Germany during next 25 years is further discussed in detail

Ukrainians' EU migration prospects. OSW Commentary No. 128, 10.03.2014.

The political crisis in Ukraine, particularly the bloodshed seen on 18–20 February and the subsequent Russian intervention in Crimea, has sparked fears of another possible wave of immigrants heading to the EU. However, the country was partially politically stabilised (at least in its central and western parts), and this has made the scenario of a mass migration of people from Ukraine rather unlikely. If there is no civil war in Ukraine, any further development of the political situation in Ukraine may have only an indirect impact on the actual migration. Should the political instability continue, the Ukrainian economy remain in recession while jobs are available for Ukrainian immigrants in the EU, then an increase in the migration of Ukrainian citizens to the EU, including Poland, would be possible. In the short term there may be two characteristic groups of immigrants: (1) young people who will attempt to leave Ukraine for good due to the lack of job opportunities; (2) circulating migrants, mainly from western Ukraine, who will be looking for temporary jobs. Only if the economic downturn trend and political turmoil in Ukraine continues for a longer time, will settlement migration increase

Migration and remittances in the CEECs: A case study of Ukrainian labour migrants in the Czech Republic

This paper aims to analyse migration and remittances in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs) on the case study of Ukrainian labour migrants in the Czech Republic using primary data from survey questionnaires collected by the Ukrainian Migration Project (UMP). More specifically, it seeks to examine features and determinants of migration and remittances sent by Ukrainian labour migrants from the Czech Republic to Ukraine. Our results show that in the case of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic the main determinants of the decision whether to migrate, in order to provide own families with additional income, are demographic characteristics and income of the receiving household, while the level of education does not affect this decision. Further, we found that the remitted amount depends mainly on the labour migrant's income in the Czech Republic. No statistical significance was found in the relationship between the remitted amount and the income level of the receiving household. Moreover, we did not find any support for channelling remittances primarily into non-productive consumption in the data. On the other hand, no other productive spending besides the spending on house construction was confirmed either. Good understanding of determinants and motives that are interconnected with them should be helpful for policymakers on both sides of the migration corridor to formulate proper policies that aim at influencing the migration and remittances flows. Thus, certain policy implications might be derived from this research in order to channel Ukrainian migration in CEECs and benefit from remittance transfers

Remittance behaviour and integration process of Ukrainian migrants in Italy and the Czech Republic

[Abstract] This paper uses a case study of Ukrainian migrants in Italy and the Czech Republic to demonstrate the similarities in remittance behavior and integration process of same ethnic group in different destination countries. Our findings show that that remittance behavior of Ukrainian migrants in the Czech Republic and Italy is significantly determined by their financial situation, demographic characteristics, level of human capital and the level of integration as well as the specific context characteristics. In addition, we find evidence for the fact that Ukrainian migrants who are more settled in a target country will send less or no remittances to Ukraine and that therefore the Stark’s hypothesis of remittances decay holds true for this ethnical group regardless of the country of residence

Consumer preferences for cultural heritage and tourism e-services: a case study of three European cities

This paper reports the results of a marketing study aimed at discovering consumer preferences for the e-services in European cultural destinations. Our results are central to eliciting potential consumers’ preferences for tourism and cultural heritage-related e-services. The paper is based on the analysis of user surveys conducted by the authors within the ISAAC EU-funded project in Amsterdam, Genoa and Leipzig in 2007-2009. Three types of consumers were contacted: residents, visitors and (cultural heritage) service providers. Our results provide a number of important recommendations for the design of e-tourism ICT platforms in European cities. The ICT platforms constitute a new market product, representing a novel approach to increasing the revenues from incoming tourism. The recommendations suggest priorities to ensure that the information system will most readily meet potential consumers’ needs

Analysis of consumer behaviour in regional energy consumption

Consumer behavior is perceived as an investment which does not yield results in the short run. The traditional economic theory of customer preferences is based on four main elements: customer income, the market price of goods, customer preferences, and behavioral assumption about the maximum of achievable benefits. Even though it sometimes might seem that equalizing energy consumption with behavior is not possible, it can often be described as consequences of behavior, such as turning off the lights or thermostat level reduction for saving power. Our paper demonstrates how the psychological concept of consumer behavior effects energy consumption. It provides recommendations about the incorporation of the idea of uncomplicated information availability for consumers taking into consideration their long-term habits. The novelty of this study is that psychological concept of consumer behavior effects energy consumption in each of the region, therefore, it is recommended to incorporate the idea of uncomplicated information availability for consumers taking into consideration long-term habits. The problem analyzed in the article is how consumer behavior influences energy consumption. The aim of the article is to analyze the consumer behavior in energy consumption. The objectives of the study are two-fold: i) to analyze the element of consumer behavior from the theoretical point of view, and ii) to investigate the patterns of energy consumption. The methods of the study are a logical and comparative analysis of literature, graphics, synthesis, and deduction. Our results and findings can be used by the stakeholders and policy-makers in preparing regional development economic policies and in designing the energy consumption strategies in the framework of the regional development. © Varanavicius V., Navikaite A., Bilan Yu., Strielkowski W. Text. 2017