DIREKTNA USMENA KOMUNIKACIJA KAO BITNO OBILJEŽJE FOLKLORA? Uz povijesno obrazloženje problema

Usmena i pamćena tradicija u obliku izravne usmene komunikacije predstavljala je u prošlosti tipično obilježje načina postojanja folklora. No to ipak nije ključ ni kriterij za određivanje biti folklora uopće. Povijesno gledano, usmena i pamćena tradicija i usmeni stil bili su u prošlosti karakteristični i za druge književne rodove, za epiku i za liriku. Usmena tradicija odgovara ranijem kulturnom stupnju razvoja ljudskog društva. Danas taj oblik tradicije sve više gubi na značenju u usporedbi s drugim medijima. Nacin prenošenja, a osobito tako specifičan kao direktna usmena komunikacija prema pamćenju, tek je sekundarno obilježje folklora. Folkloristika danas treba da svoja istraživanja proširi i na amatersku kulturnoumjetničku djelatnost i na nove navike i običaje u suvremenom životu

Specific trade facilitation measures to promote export of traditional knowledge based goods: A case study of Mukdahan and Nakhon Phanom

Due to multilateral trade liberalization and a large number of bilateral and plurilateral preferential trade agreements, border barriers to trade, especially tariffs, have decreased tremendously. As a result, trade facilitation plays an increasingly important role in removing behind-the-border trade barriers which have become a major trade obstacle. Realizing this, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) program created two important initiatives for the improvement of transportation and trade facilitation. Complementing the ADB's GMS program, Thailand has implemented several national infrastructure and trade facilitation projects. However, these trade facilitation initiatives have yet to positively impact microenterprises, especially the producers of traditional knowledge-based goods in border communities. With a renewed emphasis on rural economic growth, it is important to recognize the challenges microenterprises face and the potential benefits that could be enjoyed if proper policies were put in place to promote their economic integration. This paper illustrates the results of a survey performed by Cheewatrakoolpong et al. (2011) analyzing the main constraints microenterprises face in expanding their businesses and in export promotion. The findings suggest that better access to microfinance products and the procedure for accessing microfinance are instrumental in enabling small businesses to take advantage of trade facilitation initiatives in place. In addition, better coordination between offices of provincial development, the provincial chambers of commerce and other academies such as vocational schools or universities to provide necessary skills and knowledge to the poor and microenterprises. The community groups also have the potential to be very influential in providing knowledge sharing, skills training and access to microfinance and should be explored

Competition between airports with an application to the state of Baden-Württemberg

Classical theories of competition in two-dimensional space mainly deal with the questions of where firms locate in the plane and what shape their market areas willconsequently adopt. Out of that develops the construct of catchment areas. As part of long-term infrastructure equipment, an airport can not change location. Once it is chosen and operational, an airport has to compete for passengers and market share on basis of its prevailing catchment areas. Passenger choice determines the shape of an airport?s market and these markets, other than in the presented theories, commonly overlap. On the basis of passengers? selection criterions, the valuation of an airport?s attraction takes place. The developed procedure is applied to the state of Baden-Württemberg. It paints a picture of airport competition in the German Southwest. In order to get a sharper image, the formed catchment areas are subdivided into zones of different competition intensity

Quantifying the Uncertainties in an Ensemble of Decadal Climate Predictions

Meaningful climate predictions should be accompanied by the corresponding uncertainty range. Common methods for estimating the uncertainty range are based on the spread of ensemble predictions. However, a simulation ensemble is not necessarily a proper sample of the real distribution of the climate, and therefore, the ensemble spread cannot be interpreted as the actual uncertainty. We propose a new method that links between the ensemble spread and the uncertainty without relying on any assumptions regarding the distribution of the ensemble predictions. The method is tested using CMIP5 1981-2010 decadal predictions and is shown to outperform other common methods

Can a connectionist model explain the processing of regularly and irregularly inflected words in German as L1 and L2?

The connectionist model is a prevailing model of the structure and functioning of the cognitive system of the processing of morphology. According to this model, the morphology of regularly and irregularly inflected words (e.g., verb participles and noun plurals) is processed in the same cognitive network. A validation of the connectionist model of the processing of morphology in German as L2 has yet to be achieved. To investigate L2-specific aspects, we compared a group of L1 speakers of German with speakers of German as L2. L2 and L1 speakers of German were assigned to their respective group by their reaction times in picture naming prior to the central task. The reaction times in the lexical decision task of verb participles and noun plurals were largely consistent with the assumption of the connectionist model. Interestingly, speakers of German as L2 showed a specific advantage for irregular compared with regular verb participles

Comparison of MERRA-2 and ECCO-V4 Ocean Surface Heat Fluxes: Consequences of Different Forcing Feedbacks on Ocean Circulation and Implications for Climate Data Assimilation

Forcing ocean models with reanalysis data is a common practice in ocean modeling. As part of this practice, prescribed atmospheric state variables and interactive ocean SST (Sea Surface Temperature) are used to calculate fluxes between the ocean and the atmosphere. When forcing an ocean model with reanalysis fields, errors in the reanalysis data, errors in the ocean model and errors in the forcing formulation will generate a different solution compared to other ocean reanalysis solutions (which also have their own errors). As a first step towards a consistent coupled ocean-atmosphere reanalysis, we compare surface heat fluxes from a state-of-the-art atmospheric reanalysis, the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2), to heat fluxes from a state-of-the-art oceanic reanalysis, the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean Version 4, Release 2 (ECCO-v4). Then, we investigate the errors associated with the MITgcm (Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model) ocean model in its ECCO-v4 ocean reanalysis configuration (1992-2011) when it is forced with MERRA- 2 atmospheric reanalysis fields instead of with the ECCO-v4 adjoint optimized ERA-interim state variables. This is done by forcing ECCO-v4 ocean with and without feedbacks from MERRA-2 related to turbulent fluxes of heat and moisture and the outgoing long wave radiation. In addition, we introduce an intermediate forcing method that includes only the feedback from the interactive outgoing long wave radiation. The resulting ocean circulation is compared with ECCO-v4 reanalysis and in-situ observations. We show that, without feedbacks, imbalances in the energy and the hydrological cycles of MERRA-2 (which are directly related to the fact it was created without interactive ocean) result in considerable SST drifts and a large reduction in sea level. The bulk formulae and interactive outgoing long wave radiation, although providing air-sea feedbacks and reducing model-data misfit, strongly relax the ocean to observed SST and may result in unwanted features such as large change in the water budget. These features have implications in a desired forcing recipe to be used. The results strongly and unambiguously argue for next generation data assimilation climate studies to involve fully coupled systems

Keeping nursing faculty healthy

Session presented on Monday, July 25, 2016: Purpose: We are currently experiencing a worldwide shortage of nurses. Nurses are at the front line of most health care systems. A shortage of nurses will have a negative impact on the health of citizens across the globe. At a time when we need more nurses than ever, we are experiencing a nursing faculty shortage. Education of new nurses is an issue in both developed and developing countries. It is important, therefore, to keep nursing faculty healthy and teaching for as long as possible. The purpose of the study was to investigate the lived experience of nursing faculty who have access to employee wellness programs. The study explored whether nursing faculty participate in employee wellness programs, examine their reasons for participation or lack of participation, and investigate factors that might motivate them to increase their participation in such programs. Methods: The study was conducted using a phenomenological approach with purposive sampling. Azjen\u27s Theory of Planned Behavior and Pender\u27s Health Belief Model were used as key theoretical foundations. Semi structured interviews with 13 nursing faculty from 2 nursing education programs were completed. All faculty participants were from Alaska and taught in rural and urban areas. Moustakas\u27 thematic analytic approach was used to analyze the data. Results: Six composite themes were identified: Wellness activities, benefits, personal relevance, modeling, outside influences, and types of experiences. Results indicated that nursing faculty believe employee wellness programs are beneficial, but want them to be personally relevant. Nursing faculty valued socialization as an important benefit. Outside influences, such as job demands and convenience, impacted nursing faculty participation in employee wellness programs. Conclusion: Social change can be affected through the improvement of nursing faculty wellness. Having healthier nursing faculty will allow them to stay active in the academic workforce longer. Given the nursing faculty shortage, it is important to keep as many nursing faculty as possible. Making the programs convenient and meaningful for nursing faculty may increase their participation. Faculty wellness program participation also gives nursing faculty the opportunity to model healthy behaviors for nursing students and other faculty and staff on campus. If nursing students have good role models for health, they may work to improve their own health. Having healthy nurses who stay in the workforce is important for reducing the nursing shortage. Furthermore, healthy nurses can be good role models for those they serve, leading to improved health for patients