An Empirical Analysis of the Role of Amplifiers, Downtoners, and Negations in Emotion Classification in Microblogs

The effect of amplifiers, downtoners, and negations has been studied in general and particularly in the context of sentiment analysis. However, there is only limited work which aims at transferring the results and methods to discrete classes of emotions, e. g., joy, anger, fear, sadness, surprise, and disgust. For instance, it is not straight-forward to interpret which emotion the phrase "not happy" expresses. With this paper, we aim at obtaining a better understanding of such modifiers in the context of emotion-bearing words and their impact on document-level emotion classification, namely, microposts on Twitter. We select an appropriate scope detection method for modifiers of emotion words, incorporate it in a document-level emotion classification model as additional bag of words and show that this approach improves the performance of emotion classification. In addition, we build a term weighting approach based on the different modifiers into a lexical model for the analysis of the semantics of modifiers and their impact on emotion meaning. We show that amplifiers separate emotions expressed with an emotion- bearing word more clearly from other secondary connotations. Downtoners have the opposite effect. In addition, we discuss the meaning of negations of emotion-bearing words. For instance we show empirically that "not happy" is closer to sadness than to anger and that fear-expressing words in the scope of downtoners often express surprise.Comment: Accepted for publication at The 5th IEEE International Conference on Data Science and Advanced Analytics (DSAA), https://dsaa2018.isi.it

Laudatio für Herrn Dr. Martin Kaltenpoth : anlässlich der Verleihung des Förderpreises der Ingrid Weiss / Horst Wiehe Stiftung durch der Deutschen Gesellschaft für allgemeine und angewandte Entomologie am 27. Februar 2007 in Innsbruck

Jeder der Anwesenden kennt die Faszination, die von den Leistungen und der Vielgestaltigkeit von Insekten ausgeht. Insekten bieten eine Fülle von Beispielen für die Evolution völlig neuartiger Strukturen, Verhaltensweisen, Verteidigungsmechanismen usw. Man denke z.B. an die Evolution der Flügel, die Tanzsprache der Bienen, die Evolution hochkomplexen Sozialverhaltens oder das chemische Fachwissen der Bombardierkäfer. Besonders faszinierend wird es dort, wo Insekten mit anderen Organismen interagieren. Berühmt geworden sind die z. B. die symbiotischen Beziehungen zwischen verschiedenen Taxa von Ameisen und Pflanzen oder zwischen höheren Termiten und ihren Pilzgärten. Während Mikroorganismen meist als Krankheitserreger oder Konkurrenten für Insekten auftreten, gibt es auch einige Fälle in denen sich aus diesen negativen Beziehungen positive, ja sogar obligate mutualistische Beziehungen entwickelt haben. Dazu gehören die Darmsymbionten die von vielen Herbivoren „adoptiert“ wurden, um ihre nährstoffarme pflanzliche Nahrung besser ausnutzen zu können. Wir haben es einem der diesjährigen Preisträger, Herrn Dr. Martin Kaltenpoth, zu verdanken, dass wir seit kurzem ein weiteres aufregendes und völlig überraschendes Beispiel für eine Symbiose zwischen einem Insekt und einem Bakterium kennen

Estimating the privacy of quantum-random numbers

We analyze the information an attacker can obtain on the numbers generated by a user by measurements on a subsystem of a system consisting of two entangled two-level systems. The attacker and the user make measurements on their respective subsystems, only. Already the knowledge of the density matrix of the subsystem of the user completely determines the upper bound on the information accessible to the attacker. We compare and contrast this information to the appropriate bounds provided by quantum state discrimination.Comment: 26 pages, 4 figure

"Living Apart Together" relationships in the United States

We use two surveys to describe the demographic and attitudinal correlates of being in “Living Apart Together†(LAT), cohabiting, and marital relationships for heterosexuals, lesbians, and gay men. About one third of U.S. adults not married or cohabiting are in LAT relationships – these individuals would be classified as “single†in conventional studies that focus on residential unions. Gay men are somewhat more likely than heterosexual men to be in LAT relationships. For heterosexuals and lesbians, LAT relationships are more common among younger people. Heterosexuals in LAT unions are less likely to expect to marry their partners, but more likely to say that couples should be emotionally dependent than are cohabiters. Regardless of sexual orientation, people in LAT relationships perceive similar amounts of emotional support from partners, but less instrumental support than cohabiters perceive.attitude(s), cohabitation, gay, homosexual, LAT, lesbian, living apart together (LAT), marriage, non-residential partnership, same-sex couples, second demographic transition, social support

Naming More Animals

The following logological fable is one of a series written by Rufus T. Strohm, editor of the National Puzzlers\u27 League. It appeared in the January 1936 Enigma

Stoffstromanalyse des deutschen Biokraftstoffsektors für das Jahr 2007

Dieser Arbeitsbericht analysiert die Stoffströme des deutschen Biokraftstoffsektors für das Jahr 2007. Zahlreiche Statistiken wurden ausgewertet, um prozentuale Aussagen treffen zu können wie viel Rohstoffe in die Biokraftstoffproduktion und weitere energetische Verwendungen floss im Vergleich zu den Bereichen Ernährung und Futter. Außerdem wird aufgezeigt welche Nebenprodukte entstehen und falls möglich deren Mengen quantifiziert. Mittels Handelsstatistiken wurden die importierten Rohstoffmengen ermittelt. Wegen Lücken in der Datenverfügbarkeit wurden die gehandelten Biokraftstoffmengen nur als netto Importe (Verbrauch minus inländische Produktion) aufgezeigt, was zu Abweichungen im Hinblick auf die tatsächlich importierten und exportierten Biokraftstoffmengen führen kann.This working paper analyses the material flows in the German biofuel sector for the year 2007. Several statistics were evaluated to indicate which percentage of raw materials went into biofuel production and further energetic uses versus the sectors food and feed. Further the report mentions which by-products are generated and if possible these are quantified. By the use of trade statistics the quantities of imported raw materials were identified. Trade statistics for biofuels are hard to obtain; therefore only net imports of biofuels (consumption minus national production) were calculated which can lead to discrepancies regarding the actual imported and exported biofuel quantities

Competition policy at war with industrial policy?

Competition policy has seen quite significant changes over the past years. With the reform of Merger Control and the application of Article 81 (agreements) an 'effects-based, economic approach' was formally introduced by the Commission. Two other areas of competition policy are under discussion, namely state aid control and the application of Article 82 (abuse of a dominant position). It will be one of the key questions whether and to what extent an 'economic approach' should be followed here too. Some issues of competition policy with regard to industrial policy will be analysed in view of this changes. As the 'economic approach' is based on neoclassical market form analysis and welfare economics, I will try to make these approaches more comprehensive before I point to some problems which occur if the 'theory' were to be applied in real cases