Metabolic syndrome in overweight children from the city of Botucatu - São Paulo State - Brazil: agreement among six diagnostic criteria

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The metabolic syndrome has been described in children; however, a standard criterion has not been established for its diagnosis. Also, few studies have been conducted to specifically observe the possible existence of agreement among the existing diagnostic criteria. The purpose of the study is to evaluate agreement concerning prevalence rates of the metabolic syndrome diagnosed by six different criteria in overweight schoolchildren in the city of Botucatu - SP -Brazil.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>This is a cross-sectional study on 128 overweight schoolchildren. Clinical examination included anthropometry, pubertal staging evaluation, and blood pressure. Triacylglycerol, glycemia, HDL-cholesterol, insulin levels, and HOMA-IR were determined. The Kappa index, the Mann-Whitney test and the chi-square test were used for statistical analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome varied from 10 to 16.5% according to different diagnostic criteria. Results were similar for boys and girls and pubertal stage. Great agreement was observed among the six different diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Different diagnostic criteria, when adopted for subjects with similar demographic characteristics, generate similar and compatible prevalence. Results suggest that it is possible to adopt any of the analyzed criteria, and the choice should be according to the components available for each situation.</p

Impactos da implementação dos dez passos da alimentação saudável para crianças: ensaio de campo randomizado

Efeitos de uma intervenção baseada na implementação dos Dez Passos para uma Alimentação Saudável: Guia Alimentar para Crianças Menores de Dois Anos sobre as condições nutricionais e de saúde de lactentes em famílias de baixa renda. Randomizou-se duzentos recém-nascidos para o grupo intervenção e trezentos para o grupo controle. O grupo intervenção recebeu orientações dietéticas no primeiro ano de vida. Os dois grupos receberam visitas aos 6 e 12 meses e acompanhamento de rotina pelos seus pediatras. Os resultados (n = 397) mostraram que a intervenção associou-se a maior proporção de aleitamento materno exclusivo aos 4 meses (RR = 1,58; IC95%: 1,21-2,06) e 6 meses (RR = 2,34; IC95%: 1,37-3,99) e amamentadas aos 12 meses (RR = 1,26; IC95%: 1,02-1,55) e a menor proporção de crianças que apresentaram diarréia (RR = 0,68; IC95%: 0,51-0,90), problemas respiratórios (RR = 0,63; IC95%: 0,46-0,85), uso de medicamentos (RR = 0,56; IC95%: 0,34-0,91) e cárie dental (RR = 0,56; IC95%: 0,32-0,96) na faixa etária de 12 a 16 meses. Não houve efeito da intervenção sobre a ocorrência de anemia, internações hospitalares e estado nutricional. Os resultados sugerem que o programa de orientações dietéticas promoveu modificações positivas nas práticas alimentares e nas condições de saúde da criança, porém foi insuficiente para prevenir a anemia ferropriva.<br>This study assesses the impact of an intervention known as the Ten Steps to Healthy Feeding: A Nutritional Guide for Children under Two on nutritional conditions and infant health in low-income families. Two hundred newborns were randomized to the intervention group and three hundred to the control group. Parents of the intervention group received nutritional orientation during the child's first year of life. Both groups received visits at 6 and 12 months and routine follow-up by their pediatricians. The results (n = 397) showed that the intervention was associated with a higher proportion of exclusive breastfeeding at 4 months (RR = 1.58; 95%CI: 1.21-2.06) and 6 months (RR = 2.34; 95%CI: 1.37-3.99) and breastfeeding at 12 months (RR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.02-1.55) and a lower proportion of children with diarrhea (RR = 0.68; 95%CI: 0.51-0.90), respiratory problems (RR = 0.63; 95%CI: 0.46-0.85), use of medication (RR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.34-0.91), and dental caries (RR = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.32-0.96) in the 12-16 month bracket. The intervention had no effect on the occurrence of anemia, hospitalization, or nutritional status. The results suggest that the nutritional orientation program led to positive changes in infant feeding practices and health conditions, but that it was insufficient to prevent iron deficiency anemia