Molecular Methods for Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance

ABSTRACT The increase in bacteria harboring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem because there is a paucity of antibiotics available to treat multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in humans and animals. Detection of AMR present in bacteria that may pose a threat to veterinary and public health is routinely performed using standardized phenotypic methods. Molecular methods are often used in addition to phenotypic methods but are set to replace them in many laboratories due to the greater speed and accuracy they provide in detecting the underlying genetic mechanism(s) for AMR. In this article we describe some of the common molecular methods currently used for detection of AMR genes. These include PCR, DNA microarray, whole-genome sequencing and metagenomics, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods are discussed, especially in the context of implementing them for routine surveillance activities on a global scale for mitigating the risk posed by AMR worldwide. Based on current popularity and ease of use, PCR and single-isolate whole-genome sequencing seem irreplaceable.</jats:p

Clinical impact of Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma : A multicenter retrospective analysis

Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma are uncommon and their prognostic significance is not well defined. In this analysis we evaluated the outcome of patients with pancreatic metastases treated with either targeted therapies or local treatment to the pancreas. Patients with pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma treated between 1993 and 2014 were identified from 11 European centers. Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used to evaluate progression-free survival and overall survival. Cox's proportional hazard models were used for survival analysis. In total, 276 PM patients were evaluated, including 77 (28%) patients treated by either surgery or radiotherapy to the pancreas, and 256 (93%) who received systemic therapy. Median time from nephrectomy to diagnosis of pancreatic metastases was 91 months (IQR 54-142). Disease control rate after first-line TTs was 84%, with a median progression-free survival of 12 months (95% CI 10-14). Median overall survival was 73 months (95% CI 61-86) with a 5-year OS of 58%. Median OS of patients treated with local treatment was 106 months (95% CI 78-204) with a 5-year overall survival of 75%. On multivariable analysis, nephrectomy (HR 5.31; 95%CI 2.36-11.92; p<0.0001), Memorial Sloan Kettering/International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium prognostic score (HR 1.45, 95% CI 0.94-2.23 for intermediate vs good vs risk; HR 2.76 95%, CI 1.43-5.35 for poor vs good risk p = 0.0099) and pancreatic local treatment (HR 0.48; 95%CI 0.30-0.78 p = 0.0029) were associated with overall survival. Difference in median OS between patients with PM and that reported in a matched-control group of mRCC patients with extrapancreatic metastases was statistically significant (p <.0001). Pancreatic metastases from renal cell carcinoma usually occur years after nephrectomy, are associated with an indolent behavior and a prolonged survival. Targeted therapies and locoregional approaches are active and achieve high disease control rate

Sozdaniye kreativnoy obrazovatel'noy sredy dlya studentov na uchebnykh zanyatiyakh

Product of this project is a set of worksheets, that are designated for use in technical education classes at elementary school. There are two types of sheets in this project. First part is devoted to practical tasks for construction and technical skills developement. Second part is focused at digital skills developement through animation process. Main goal of this work is to provide a set of creative tasks along with ideas for experimental and design activities as well

Razvitie dizajnerskich sposobnostej učaščichsja v processe izučenija technologii v škole

The interconnection of technological preparation of students with upbringing of technological culture is traced, an important component of which is development of their complex of design abilities. The features of this group of abilities are considered on the basis of the analysis of the specifics of design activity as a process and the result of the creative activity of an individual, which teaches to see the unusual in the ordinary, to look at the world through the prism of constantly opening up new opportunities. Examples of a practical solution to the problem are given to consider technology training as a design process of technological activity from an idea to its realization according to the principle of unity of beauty, minimalism and practicality.Proslezhena vzaimosvyaz' tekhnologicheskoy podgotovki uchashchikhsya s vospitaniyem u nikh tekhnologicheskoy kul'tury, vazhnym komponentom kotoroy yavlyayetsya razvitiye u nikh kompleksa dizaynerskikh sposobnostey. Rassmotreny osobennosti dannoy gruppy sposobnostey na osnove analiza spetsifiki dizaynerskoy deyatel'nosti kak protsessa i rezul'tata tvorcheskoy aktivnosti lichnosti, kotoraya uchit videt' neobychnoye v obychnom, smotret' na mir skvoz' prizmu postoyanno otkryvayushchikhsya novykh vozmozhnostey. Privedeny primery prakticheskogo resheniya zadachi rassmatrivat' obucheniye tekhnologii kak dizayn-protsess tekhnologicheskoy deyatel'nosti ot idei do yeyo realizatsii po printsipu yedinstva krasoty, minimalizma i praktichnosti