Vereinigung von detaillierten Teilmodellen in einer flexiblen Enterprise Architecture zur übergreifenden Analyse: Ableitung des Bedarfs an Handlungen für einen durch Kennzahlen beschriebenen Untersuchungskontext

Modelle haben sich zu Dokumentationszwecken bewährt, existieren in der Praxis aber oftmals losgelöst voneinander. Durch die wachsende Komplexität in den Unternehmen reicht jedoch eine getrennte Betrachtung nicht mehr aus. Das Zusammenspiel der Unternehmensbestandteile muss bei Entscheidungen berücksichtigt werden. Eine Enterprise Architecture (EA) eignet sich zur Herstellung einer übergreifenden Sichtweise. Wobei hauptsächlich aggregierte Inhalte enthalten sind, die manuell erstellt werden. Damit ist die EA ein weiteres Datensilo. Durch das Fehlen detaillierter Informationen in der EA sind außerdem die Möglichkeiten einer ganzheitlichen Analyse begrenzt. Die vorliegende Arbeit entwickelt daher ein Gesamtkonzept, um Detailinhalte zu vernetzen und übergreifende Analysen zu ermöglichen. Insbesondere werden auch Datenwerte (z.B. Kosten) einbezogen. Eine Indirektstufe kann die Teilmodelle lose verknüpfen. Zugleich dient ein einfaches EA-Vokabular als neutrale Begriffsschicht. Mithilfe der Technologien des Semantic Web entsteht so eine integrierte Datenbasis. Sie positioniert sich als Ebene oberhalb der Datenquellen. Anschließend kann eine übergreifende Analyse erfolgen, in der alle Inhalte kombiniert werden. Zur Konkretisierung des Ansatzes fokussiert sich die Arbeit auf die Ableitung des Bedarfs an Handlungen. Mit der Importance-Performance-Analyse wird ein Verfahren aus dem Qualitätsmanagement von Dienstleistungen entliehen und auf die EA-Analyse übertragen. Die Berechnung basiert auf flexibel zu beschreibenden Kennzahlen, bei deren Definition das EA-Vokabular verwendet wird. Als Ergebnis werden Gesamtratings für alle Untersuchungsobjekte ausgewiesen. Sie sagen etwas über einen Handlungsbedarf und die Dringlichkeit aus. Auch die Analyse basiert auf Technologien des Semantic Web. Als Nachweis der Realisierbarkeit wurde der Ansatz in einem Prototyp umgesetzt. Außerdem wird ein praxisnaher Anwendungsfall einer Digitalisierungsinitiative bei einer Versicherung skizziert

The Origins of Political Order, de Francis Fukuyama

En un ambicioso proyecto que comprenderá dos volúmenes, el politólogo estadounidense Francis Fukuyama se ha propuesto trazar la evolución de las instituciones políticas fundamentales desde las sociedades tribales hasta nuestros días. En este primer volumen el recorrido se detiene en el siglo xviii, una vez que se han establecido y se han conjuntado por primera vez lo que el autor considera los tres grandes logros de la evolución política: un Estado eficiente y ordenado, el imperio de la ley y un gobierno responsable ante sus gobernados. El planteamiento central del libro es el desglose de los múltiples factores que permitieron el desarrollo de dichos elementos en muy diversos momentos y lugares históricos —desde la dinastía Qing en China hasta el imperio otomano, de la India a las monarquías absolutas en Francia y España— para llegar a la Inglaterra moderna, en donde finalmente la combinación se perfecciona. El primero de estos elementos en surgir fue el Estado. Fukuyama retoma la concepción planteada por Max Weber en torno al monopolio legítimo de la fuerza y la creación de una burocracia centralizada para explicar cómo se forjó esta institución a partir de la expansión militar del imperio chino hace más de dos mil años. En este sentido, es valioso que las explicaciones que propone el autor no se centren únicamente en Europa y que consideren la experiencia de otros lugares del mundo, en muchas ocasiones soslayada. El principal obstáculo para pasar de una sociedad tribal a un Estado fuerte, nos dice Fukuyama, es el predominio en la organización social de relaciones de parentesco con intereses patrimonialistas. Para evitarlo, en China se desarrollaron soluciones como la designación de eunucos para ocupar puestos estratégicos en la burocracia o diversas prohibiciones que socavaron los lazos familiares

Risk sensitivity among species: A meta-analysis

We are conducting an ongoing study within risk-sensitive foraging behavior, examining the parameters of approximately 109 research studies. Data has been collected pertaining to body size (g), basal metabolic rate (W), the basal metabolic rate per mass (W/g), the lifespan in years of the species, the sexual maturity of females in the species (days), and the home range size (meters). The species vary among the studies analyzed and include the taxonomy classes of birds, mammals, fish, and insects. Moreover, the purpose of collecting this data is to further analyze the findings within each study, specifically on how it pertains to the four theories of risk sensitivity, which are Optimal Foraging Theory, the Daily Energy Budget Theory, the Scalar Expectancy Theory, and Sequential Choice Theory. To note, the data collected is from two sources: The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology’s Animal Diversity Web and the Cornell Lab

The renal arterial resistance index and renal allograft survival

BACKGROUND: Most renal transplants fail because of chronic allograft nephropathy or because the recipient dies, but no reliable factor predicting long-term outcome has been identified. We tested whether a renal arterial resistance index of less than 80 was predictive of long-term allograft survival. METHODS: The renal segmental arterial resistance index (the percentage reduction of the end-diastolic flow as compared with the systolic flow) was measured by Doppler ultrasonography in 601 patients at least three months after transplantation between August 1997 and November 1998. All patients were followed for three or more years. The combined end point was a decrease of 50 percent or more in the creatinine clearance rate, allograft failure (indicated by the need for dialysis), or death. RESULTS: A total of 122 patients (20 percent) had a resistance index of 80 or higher. Eighty-four of these patients (69 percent) had a decrease of 50 percent or more in creatinine clearance, as compared with 56 of the 479 patients with a resistance index of less than 80 (12 percent); 57 patients with a higher resistance index (47 percent) required dialysis, as compared with 43 patients with a lower resistance index (9 percent); and 36 patients with a higher resistance index (30 percent) died, as compared with 33 patients with a lower resistance index (7 percent) (P<0.001 for all comparisons). A total of 107 patients with a higher resistance index (88 percent) reached the combined end point, as compared with 83 of those with a lower resistance index (17 percent, P<0.001). The multivariate relative risk of graft loss among patients with a higher resistance index was 9.1 (95 percent confidence interval, 6.6 to 12.7). Proteinuria (protein excretion, 1 g per day or more), symptomatic cytomegalovirus infection, and a creatinine clearance rate of less than 30 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area after transplantation also increased the risk. CONCLUSIONS: A renal arterial resistance index of 80 or higher measured at least three months after transplantation is associated with poor subsequent allograft performance and death

A small-changes approach reduces energy intake in free-living humans

Abstract Objective-America On the Move (AOM) is a national weight gain prevention initiative that promotes small lifestyle changes by increasing walking by 2000 steps/day and reducing energy intake by about 100 kcal/day. The study&apos;s intent was to determine the impact of these small changes recommendations on steps/day and energy intake. Methods-In this cross-sectional study, food and fluid intake and physical activity in 116 healthy overweight adults (BMI: 25-36 kg/m 2 ; age: 18-60y) was compared between a non-intervention and an intervention week using diet diaries and pedometers. The major outcomes were steps/day, daily caloric intake, macronutrient intake and meal size. Within subject ANOVAs were conducted to compare results between intervention and non-intervention weeks. Results-Total energy intake was lower during intervention week than non-intervention week (P &lt; .01), including macronutrient contents (all P&apos;s &lt; .01), meal size (P &lt; .01), consumption of sugar (P &lt; .01), sugared sodas (P &lt; .01) and sodium (P &lt; .01). Steps/day were higher during intervention week than non-intervention week (P &lt; .01). Conclusions- The results support previous research showing that the message to increase steps/ day results in an increase in physical activity. The results demonstrate for the first time that the message to reduce intake by 100 kcal/day does actually result in a lower intake in the short term. People seem to be able to make positive changes in diet and physical activity in response to these messages. If these small changes can be sustained, this approach could be effective in preventing further weight gain in the population

Pharmacokinetic drug interactions of antimicrobial drugs:a systematic review on oxazolidinones, rifamycines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and Beta-lactams

Like any other drug, antimicrobial drugs are prone to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. These drug interactions are a major concern in clinical practice as they may have an effect on efficacy and toxicity. This article provides an overview of all published pharmacokinetic studies on drug interactions of the commonly prescribed antimicrobial drugs oxazolidinones, rifamycines, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and beta-lactams, focusing on systematic research. We describe drug-food and drug-drug interaction studies in humans, affecting antimicrobial drugs as well as concomitantly administered drugs. Since knowledge about mechanisms is of paramount importance for adequate management of drug interactions, the most plausible underlying mechanism of the drug interaction is provided when available. This overview can be used in daily practice to support the management of pharmacokinetic drug interactions of antimicrobial drugs

Las Vegas Metropolitan Area Urban Sprawl Assessment Using Shannon's Entropy

A population center’s growth, known as urbanization, can pressure delicate environments and place strain on a region’s natural resources. Remote sensing combined with Geographic Information Systems can analyze and map the phenomenon of urban sprawl. This study quantifies growth within the Las Vegas, Nevada urban boundary using the aforementioned tools and Shannon’s Entropy method for 2000 and 2020. Shannon’s Entropy measures urban morphology, calculating compactness and dispersion of binary categorization, in this case, ‘developed’ and ‘undeveloped’ land cover. Eighteen multi-ring buffers were placed around Las Vegas City Hall at 1-mile intervals and found entropy values of 1.10 and 1.15 respectively. In comparison for the same years mentioned, five multi-ring buffers were set around the study area’s three main highways at 1-mile intervals and found entropy values of .608 and .628 respectively. All entropy values using the multi-ring buffer method were > 50% of log(n) for each dataset, meaning that the ‘developed’ land cover spatial variable is evenly dispersed across the study area with compactness or clustering of the ‘developed’ class found within each buffer zone. Temporally, over the 20-year period, the dispersion of development continued, with an increase in entropy values. Further, a geographic quadrant assessment revealed that the greatest land cover change-over from ‘undeveloped’ to ‘developed’ occurred in the northwestern and southwestern portions of the study area. This exercise provides a framework for developing municipalities that seek a cost effective, accessible, and expeditious method to better recognize sprawl patterns with the aim of correcting inefficient land and resource management.This item is part of the MS-GIST Master's Reports collection. For more information about items in this collection, please contact the UA Campus Repository at [email protected]

A Study In Parasite Ecology: The Fluctuation Of Infection Rates And Parasite Burdens In Orconectes Propinquis Infected With Paragonimus Kellicotti.

PhDForestryUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/187602/2/7306930.pd