Fast Post-placement Rewiring Using Easily Detectable Functional Symmetries

Timing convergence problem arises when the estimations made during logic synthesis can not be met during physical design. In this paper, an efficient rewiring engine is proposed to explore maximal freedom after placement. The most important feature of this approach is that the existing placement solution is left intact throughout the optimization. A linear time algorithm is proposed to detect functional symmetries in the Boolean network and is used as the basis for rewiring. Integration with an existing gate sizing algorithm further proves the effectiveness of our technique. Experimental results are very promising

Evaluation of Cold-formed Steel Connections Attached with Pneumatically Driven Pins

A comprehensive experimental study was conducted to examine the shear and tensile strength of pneumatically driven pin connections used in cold-formed steel construction. This study included the key parameters that influence the connection strength: steel thickness (16-, 18- and 20-gauge steel), sheathing thickness (1/2 Unipan and 1/2 Dens-Glass Gold). The shear design values given in the AlSI design specifications for screw connections are compared with those obtained from a series of lap shear tests and a good agreement is obtained. Initial analysis of the AlSI design equation for tensile failure due to pull-over yielded poor results when compared to the withdrawal test values. Upon further analysis it was determined the connection failed in punch shear mode and the results compared well with the ACI punch shear analysis. The new equation developed in this study can be used to predict the strength of pneumatically driven pin connections in cold-formed steel construction

Shear Rigidity of Sheathed Walls with Pneumatically Driven Pin Connections

The purpose of this experimental and analytical study was to observe the structural behavior of wall panels constructed with cold-formed steel framing members and sheathing fastened with pneumatically driven pins subject to transverse load as typically occurs in residential construction, This study included the key parameters that influence the connection strength: steel thickness (16-, 18- and 20-gauge steel), sheathing thickness (1/2\u27\u27 (1.27-cm) Unipan and 1/2\u27\u27 (1.27cm) Dens-Glass Gold). the shear design values given in the AISI design specifications (2001) for structural members braced by diaphragms are compared and reviewed with results obtained from a series of static load tests. the findings of this pilot study were used to define future research needed to establish design methodologies for residential shear wall construction. Because this was a pilot study no new design equations or recommendations were developed

A fatigue damage model for seismic response of RC structures

Numerous damage models have been developed in order to analyze seismic behavior. Among the different possibilities existing in the literature, it is very clear that models developed along the lines of continuum damage mechanics are more consistent with the definition of damage as a phenomenon with mechanical consequences because they include explicitly the coupling between damage and mechanical behavior. On the other hand, for seismic processes, phenomena such as low cycle fatigue may have a pronounced effect on the overall behavior of the frames and, therefore, its consideration turns out to be very important. However, most of existing models evaluate the damage only as a function of the maximum amplitude of cyclic deformation without considering the number of cycles. In this paper, a generalization of the simplified model proposed by Cipollina et al. [Cipollina A, López-Hinojosa A, Flórez-López J. Comput Struct 1995;54:1113–26] is made in order to include the low cycle fatigue. Such a model employs in its formulation irreversible thermodynamics and internal state variable theory

Mammographic density and breast cancer risk in breast screening assessment cases and women with a family history of breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: Mammographic density has been shown to be a strong independent predictor of breast cancer and a causative factor in reducing the sensitivity of mammography. There remain questions as to the use of mammographic density information in the context of screening and risk management, and of the association with cancer in populations known to be at increased risk of breast cancer. AIM: To assess the association of breast density with presence of cancer by measuring mammographic density visually as a percentage, and with two automated volumetric methods, Quantra™ and VolparaDensity™. METHODS: The TOMosynthesis with digital MammographY (TOMMY) study of digital breast tomosynthesis in the Breast Screening Programme of the National Health Service (NHS) of the United Kingdom (UK) included 6020 breast screening assessment cases (of whom 1158 had breast cancer) and 1040 screened women with a family history of breast cancer (of whom two had breast cancer). We assessed the association of each measure with breast cancer risk in these populations at enhanced risk, using logistic regression adjusted for age and total breast volume as a surrogate for body mass index (BMI). RESULTS: All density measures showed a positive association with presence of cancer and all declined with age. The strongest effect was seen with Volpara absolute density, with a significant 3% (95% CI 1-5%) increase in risk per 10 cm3 of dense tissue. The effect of Volpara volumetric density on risk was stronger for large and grade 3 tumours. CONCLUSIONS: Automated absolute breast density is a predictor of breast cancer risk in populations at enhanced risk due to either positive mammographic findings or family history. In the screening context, density could be a trigger for more intensive imaging

Accuracy of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis for Depicting Breast Cancer Subgroups in a UK Retrospective Reading Study (TOMMY Trial)

Purpose To compare the diagnostic performance of two-dimensional (2D) mammography, 2D mammography plus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and synthetic 2D mammography plus DBT in depicting malignant radiographic features. Materials and Methods In this multicenter, multireader, retrospective reading study (the TOMMY trial), after written informed consent was obtained, 8869 women (age range, 29–85 years; mean, 56 years) were recruited from July 2011 to March 2013 in an ethically approved study. From these women, a reading dataset of 7060 cases was randomly allocated for independent blinded review of (a) 2D mammography images, (b) 2D mammography plus DBT images, and (c) synthetic 2D mammography plus DBT images. Reviewers had no access to results of previous examinations. Overall sensitivities and specificities were calculated for younger women and those with dense breasts. Results Overall sensitivity was 87% for 2D mammography, 89% for 2D mammography plus DBT, and 88% for synthetic 2D mammography plus DBT. The addition of DBT was associated with a 34% increase in the odds of depicting cancer (odds ratio [OR] = 1.34, P = .06); however, this level did not achieve significance. For patients aged 50–59 years old, sensitivity was significantly higher (P = .01) for 2D mammography plus DBT than it was for 2D mammography. For those with breast density of 50% or more, sensitivity was 86% for 2D mammography compared with 93% for 2D mammography plus DBT (P = .03). Specificity was 57% for 2D mammography, 70% for 2D mammography plus DBT, and 72% for synthetic 2D mammography plusmDBT. Specificity was significantly higher than 2D mammography (P < .001in both cases) and was observed for all subgroups (P < .001 for all cases). Conclusion The addition of DBT increased the sensitivity of 2D mammography in patients with dense breasts and the specificity of 2D mammography for all subgroups. The use of synthetic 2D DBT demonstrated performance similar to that of standard 2D mammography with DBT. DBT is of potential benefit to screening programs, particularly in younger women with dense breasts. © RSNA, 2015The TOMMY Trial (a comparison of digital breast tomosynthesis with mammography in the UK Breast Screening Programme) was supported by the NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme.This is the final published version of the article. It was originally published in Radiology (Gilbert et al., Radiology, 2015, doi:10.1148/radiol.2015142566). The final version is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiol.201514256

ANALISIS YURIDIS PEMUTUSAN HUBUNGAN KERJA KARENA FORCE MAJEURE DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG CIPTA KERJA

Judul Tesis : Analisis Yuridis Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja Karena Force Majeure Dalam Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Kata Kunci : Pemutusan Hubungan Kerja, Force Majeure, Undang�Undang Pekerja, Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja Pemutusan hubungan kerja (PHK) merupakan salah satu penyebab yang menimbulkan konflik antara pekerja dan pengusaha. Dalam konteks Undang�Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja, pengaturan terkait PHK mengalami sejumlah perubahan, termasuk ketentuan mengenai PHK yang disebabkan oleh force majeure. Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja memberikan fleksibilitas bagi pengusaha dalam melakukan PHK karena force majeure, tetapi juga menimbulkan potensi ketidakpastian hukum bagi pekerja. Force majeure, yang mengacu pada kondisi di luar kendali pihak-pihak terkait, seperti bencana alam, pandemi, atau krisis ekonomi, dapat memengaruhi keberlangsungan usaha dan hubungan kerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan normatif dengan analisis yuridis kualitatif. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder serta data pendukung untuk menilai aspek hukum terkait pemutusan hubungan kerja dalam konteks undang-undang ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Dengan adanya UU Cipta Kerja, perusahaan dapat melakukan PHK dengan pemberitahuan kepada pekerja. Perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja yang terkena PHK, terutama karena kondisi Force Majeur, menjadi penting. Hakim Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial tidak mensyaratkan putusan pengadilan pidana bagi pengusaha yang melakukan PHK karena pelanggaran mendesak. Terdapat perbedaan antara UU Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 dan UU Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja, terutama dalam mekanisme PHK karena pelanggaran bersifat mendesak, yang dianggap melanggar asas praduga tak bersalah. Oleh karena itu, perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja perlu disesuaikan dengan prinsip praduga tak bersalah. / Thesis Title : Juridical Analysis of Legal Protection and Technical Termination of Employment Relations in the Implementation of the Job Creation Law Key Words : Termination of Employment, Force Majeure, Labor Law, Job Creation Law ermination of Employment, Juridical, Job Creation Termination of employment (PHK) is one of the causes of conflict between workers and employers. In the context of Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, the regulations related to layoffs have undergone a number of changes, including provisions regarding layoffs caused by force majeure. The Job Creation Law provides flexibility for employers in carrying out layoffs due to force majeure, but also creates potential legal uncertainty for workers. Force majeure, which refers to conditions beyond the control of the parties concerned, such as natural disasters, pandemics, or economic crises, can affect business continuity and employment relationships. This study uses a normative approach with qualitative legal analysis. The data used are secondary data and supporting data to assess the legal aspects related to termination of employment in the context of labor law in Indonesia. With the Job Creation Law, companies can carry out layoffs by notifying workers. Legal protection for workers who are laid off, especially due to Force Majeure conditions, is important. Judges at the Industrial Relations Court do not require a criminal court decision for employers who carry out layoffs due to urgent violations. There are differences between Law Number 13 of 2003 and Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation, especially in the mechanism of layoffs due to urgent violations, which are considered to violate the principle of presumption of innocence. Therefore, legal protection for workers needs to be adjusted to the principle of presumption of innocence

Reflector-Guided Localisation of Non-Palpable Breast Lesions: A Prospective Evaluation of the SAVI SCOUT® System.

Wire-guided localisation (WGL) has been the mainstay for localising non-palpable breast lesions before excision. Due to its limitations, various wireless alternatives have been developed. In this prospective study, we evaluate the role of radiation-free wireless localisation using the SAVI SCOUT® system at the London Breast Institute. A total of 72 reflectors were deployed in 67 consecutive patients undergoing breast conserving surgery for non-palpable breast lesions. The mean interval between deployment and surgery for the therapeutic cases was 18.8 days (range: 0-210). The median deployment duration was 5 min (range: 1-15 min). The mean distance from the lesion was 1.1 mm (median distance: 0; range: 0-20 mm). The rate of surgical localisation and retrieval of the reflector was 98.6% and 100%, respectively. The median operating time was 28 min (range: 15-55 min) for the therapeutic excision of malignancy and 17 min (range: 15-24) for diagnostic excision. The incidence of reflector migration was 0%. Radial margin positivity in malignant cases was 7%. The median weight for malignant lesions was 19.6 g (range: 3.5-70 g). Radiologists and surgeons rated the system higher than WGL (93.7% and 98.6%, respectively; 60/64 and 70/71). The patient mean satisfaction score was 9.7/10 (n = 47, median = 10; range: 7-10). One instance of signal failure was reported. In patients who had breast MRI after the deployment of the reflector, the MRI void signal was <5 mm (n = 6). There was no specific technique-related surgical complication. Our study demonstrates that wire-free localisation using SAVI SCOUT® is an effective and time-efficient alternative to WGL with excellent physician and patient acceptance

Detection of involved margins in breast specimens with x-ray phase-contrast computed tomography

Margins of wide local excisions in breast conserving surgery are tested through histology, which can delay results by days and lead to second operations. Detection of margin involvement intraoperatively would allow the removal of additional tissue during the same intervention. X-ray phase contrast imaging (XPCI) provides soft tissue sensitivity superior to conventional X-rays: we propose its use to detect margin involvement intraoperatively. We have developed a system that can perform phase-based computed tomography (CT) scans in minutes, used it to image 101 specimens approximately half of which contained neoplastic lesions, and compared results against those of a commercial system. Histological analysis was carried out on all specimens and used as the gold standard. XPCI-CT showed higher sensitivity (83%, 95% CI 69–92%) than conventional specimen imaging (32%, 95% CI 20–49%) for detection of lesions at margin, and comparable specificity (83%, 95% CI 70–92% vs 86%, 95% CI 73–93%). Within the limits of this study, in particular that specimens obtained from surplus tissue typically contain small lesions which makes detection more difficult for both methods, we believe it likely that the observed increase in sensitivity will lead to a comparable reduction in the number of re-operations