(the Use of Organic Acid and Thermal Adequacy on the Canned String Beans)

Research on the canned string beans has been conducted .the formulation used was 1% salt,the organic acid (0.27% citric acid and 0.22% lastic acid ) and types of packaging (timplate and retort pouch) the product were stored for 0,2,4 and weeks the results showed that the result showed that the effect of storage gave the decrease of PH ,protein ,vitamin c and hardness.the microbial contents were relatively unchanged during storage .the process time required for tinplate retort pouch were 0.057 minutes respectively ,which adequate to render to canned string beans (pH< 4.5) microbiologically safe

Development of sensory organs and changes of behavior in larvae of the sutchi catfish, Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Abstract Larvae of the sutchi catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus hatch with morphologically immature features, but sensory organs develop rapidly as the fish grow. By 1 day old, yolk-sac larvae showed notochord flexion, and by 2 days old larvae were observed to have consumed a large part of the yolk sac. At this stage, larvae had welldeveloped eyes, olfactory organs with ciliated receptor cells, inner ears with semicircular canals, and numerous taste buds, and they commenced ingestion of rotifers, Artemia nauplii, and artificial compound feed. Two-dayold larvae had many free neuromasts on the surface of the head and flanks and clearly showed rheotaxis. By 20 days old, free neuromasts in postflexion larvae had sunk under the skin. At this later stage, larvae swam against a water current and schooled along the side of the fish tank. Rapid development of sensory organs and notochord flexion would be an adaptation for survival in conditions of flowing water, as in the Mekong River. In this study, we show that development of the lateral line in the postflexion stage seems to be closely related to larval behavior, suggesting that these developments could be essential for sutchi catfish larvae survival