Program Synthesis using Natural Language

Interacting with computers is a ubiquitous activity for millions of people. Repetitive or specialized tasks often require creation of small, often one-off, programs. End-users struggle with learning and using the myriad of domain-specific languages (DSLs) to effectively accomplish these tasks. We present a general framework for constructing program synthesizers that take natural language (NL) inputs and produce expressions in a target DSL. The framework takes as input a DSL definition and training data consisting of NL/DSL pairs. From these it constructs a synthesizer by learning optimal weights and classifiers (using NLP features) that rank the outputs of a keyword-programming based translation. We applied our framework to three domains: repetitive text editing, an intelligent tutoring system, and flight information queries. On 1200+ English descriptions, the respective synthesizers rank the desired program as the top-1 and top-3 for 80% and 90% descriptions respectively

Primer registro de Amana angulifera Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Epicopeiidae) en la India desde el siglo XIX

Amana angulifera Walker, 1855, a diurnal moth belonging to the family Epicopeiidae, was described from India based on a previously collected specimen. Though type locality was omitted in the original description, in the last decade of the 19th century, the habitat of the moth was mentioned to be Khasi Hills of the present Meghalaya state of India. It is also recorded from Yunnan in southern part of China. After a gap of more than a century, this paper reports the presence of the species again from India, this time in the Himalayan state of Arunachal Pradesh, bordering China, filling a sampling gap within its distribution range. Further study of the moth in this region is recommended to fill the sampling gaps and assess its life cycle, population trends, abundance, phenological responses and inter-specific interactions with plants so that conservation measures may be taken up accordingly.Amana angulifera Walker, 1855, polilla diurna perteneciente a la familia Epicopeiidae, fue descrita en la India a partir de un espécimen anterior, a mediados del siglo XIX. Aunque la localidad tipo se omitió en la descripción original, en la última década del siglo XIX, se estableció que el hábitat de la polilla se situaba en las colinas Khasi del actual estado indio de Meghalaya. No obstante, durante esta década también fue registrada en Yunnan, al sur de China. Tras un intervalo de más de un siglo sin registros en la India, este trabajo presenta evidencias de la existencia de esta polilla en el estado himalayo de Arunachal Pradesh, fronterizo con China, llenando así un vacío de muestreo de décadas en su área de distribución. A partir de este hallazgo, se están llevado a cabo estudios en esta región con el fin de evaluar el ciclo vital, tendencias poblacionales, abundancia, respuestas fenológicas e interacciones interespecíficas de esta polilla con las plantas, de modo que puedan tomarse las consecuentes medidas de conservación

On the generalized weighted Sobolev inequality

Let $\Omega$ be an open subset of $\mathbb{R}^N.$ We identify various classes of Young functions $\Phi,\,\Psi$, and weight functions $g\in L^1_\text{loc}(\Omega)$ so that the following generalized weighted Sobolev inequality holds: \begin{equation*}\label{ineq:Orlicz} \Psi^{-1}\left(\int_{\Omega}|g(x)|\Psi( |u(x)| )dx \right)\leq C\Phi^{-1}\left(\int_{\Omega}\Phi(|\nabla u(x)|) dx \right),\,\,\,\forall\,u\in \mathcal{C}^1_c(\Omega), \end{equation*} for some $C>0$. As an application, we study the existence of non-negative solutions for certain nonlinear weighted eigenvalue problems.Comment: 27 page