Impact of Fiscal Policy on the Economy of Pakistan

This research paper endeavors the relationship and the positive effect between tax rates, inflation rate and the balance of trade in Pakistan by utilizing the economic survey and current scenario of increasing tax rate because of increasing inflation rates and decreasing of balance of trade to represent the economic position of Pakistan. The data by the researcher was all on yearly basis for the above variables and the tax rate was being recorded by the direct and indirect from the period of 1979 to 2009. The research implement regression model to test the effect of tax rates progression on inflation rate rates and another 2-stage least square test of tax rate on balance of trade so in this result, shows that there was a significant impact in these variables. The study concluded on this way that there was no significant association between tax rates on inflation rate in Pakistan. There was the impact of tax rate on balance of trade.Fiscal Policy; Economy of Pakistan

Impact of Microfinance on the Performance of an Agriculture Industry in Pakistan

This study is an attempt to investigate the impact of microfinance on industry performance. The findings explain that there is no as such impact of microfinance on agriculture industry performance in a country like Pakistan. Research problem is to find out whether Microfinance has positive impact on agriculture industry growth or not, what role is played by microfinance in under developing countries like Pakistan, are people aware of it. Five years secondary Data comprised on years 2003-2008 was collected from the Sindh Statistical Bureau based on GDP contribution on agricultural sector in accordance to disbursed, recovered and outstanding amount.Microfinance, Loan recovered amount, Loan disbursed amount, Loan outstanding amount

Bilateral trade: a study on SAARC countries

This research paper offers a selective survey of gravity equation in the International Trade. Gravity equation was first introduced in the Sixties as a purely empirical proposition to explain bilateral trade flow. The data was taken from the SAARC countries to evaluate the factors affecting the bilateral trade volume. The variables that impact on trade volume are studied in this thesis, as in : Transport Cost, Inflation, Exchange Rate, GDP, population, Tariff and distance by using multiple linear regressions. The results of transport cost, inflation, exchange rate, GDP and distance has the significant impact on the bilateral trade, whereas tariff and population have insignificant values.Bilateral Trade; SAARC countries

The South Asian Phillips Curve: Assessing the Gordon Triangle

One of the key drivers for the policy makers is the tie-up between price inflation and unemployment. In relevance to the economic theories in yester years, Phillips Curve has witnessed negative relationship between inflation and unemployment in many economies. This has an implication that if government seeks to reduce the unemployment then the inflation goes up means if it wants to relish the lower unemployment then it has to bear the burden and consequences of inflation. This paper in distinction investigates the Phillips Curve in connection with the Gordon Triangle for the South Asian Countries i.e. Pakistan, India, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka. The systematic investigation is based on historical thirty years of the rates of inflation and unemployment for the countries outlined. The split analysis of each country highlights the relationship between inflation and unemployment, which is positive for Pakistan and negative for Bangladesh, while no relationship has been observed between the two variables (no Phillips curve) for India and Sri Lanka. The negative impact of unemployment on inflation is actually the confirmation of Phillips Curve, which is indentified for Bangladesh while the positive association between the unemployment and inflation (Stagflation) is also observed, which is the confirmation of Gordon triangle empirically observed and identified for Pakistan.Inflation, Unemployment, Phillips Curve, Gordon Triangle

To estimate an equation explaining the determinants of Dowry

The focus of this study is to estimate an equation explaining the determinants of dowry. In this paper, we address a very common socio-economic problem for sub-continent, the problem of dowry. From a social planner's perspective, who wants to reduce overall dowry transfers, we consider the effect of change in a few relevant parameters like husband height, wife height, wet land, dry land, years of marriage and years of education for women & men on these decisions. According to the various studies the dowry phenomenon is exist heavily in rural sub-continent, at the same time research related to this system is very rare. The aim of this paper is to estimate an equation explaining the determinants of dowry. Several interpretations for dowry are distinguished using a simple theoretical framework and the predictions of this model are tested. Using the data provided us for this project is tested and reliable so that we will be able to draw our own testable relationships and determinants of dowry. The data will be use in the following sections for further analysis by estimating the determinants of dowry using multiple regression analysis. The study suggests that even though there are religious and cultural differences, the system of dowry in Pakistan appears to be for the same reasons as in India A theoretical framework was developed that was inclusive of all the required variables by testing through the multiple regression analysis and the experimental findings shows the independent variable used to test have an impact on dowry by applying multiple regression step-wise method.Dowry, Household, Jahez, Marriage

Managerial Social Wisdom: A major facet for Employee Turnover Intentions, Work Commitments and Manager-Subordinate Relationships

Working under a wise manager is incredibly worth it. There are some managers worth dying for and is a cast of ‘rare breed’. Leaders/Managers that have managerial wisdom, makes employees love to work long hours, exceed one’s abilities to perform just because they have asked for it. The aim of this study was to study this social wisdom of managers beyond being socially intelligent. This paper investigates the relation of social wisdom with employees’ turn over intentions, work commitments and manager subordinate relationships. A structured, personal survey on a sample of 3500 organizational employees was tested and analyzed via correlation analysis. Extremely strong positive correlation between social wisdom of managers and factors like employee turnover intentions, work commitments and manager subordinate relationships have been found and reported. This paper marks from the organizational-wide perspective that the wise manager build long and valuable relationships with the their employees and in turn pass on the managerial wisdom and are a major cause for a retaining employees and making them perform better every day.Managerial Social Wisdom, Employee Turnover Intentions, Work Commitments, Manager-Subordinate relationships

Effects of subordinate various work behaviors on the motivational level of their bosses

Subordinates at times are the source of rousing for their bosses at various organizations which always give a jump to the working relations among them. Primarily the focus of this paper is to interrogate the various constructs and the proxies of subordinates work behavior which motivate to their bosses while revealing the impact of subordinates those work behaviors on the motivational levels of the bosses and then the bosses and subordinates relationships due to such work behaviors. Personal survey via random sampling technique was used to acquire data from 1700 managers of various working units which includes Departments of research and development, admin, HR and accounts, of various organizations. Optimal scaling is used to conclude the relationships between the outlined variables. The findings reveals that there is strong and positive relationship between subordinates various work behaviors and the motivation level of their bosses.Motivation, manager-subordinate relationship, work behavior

Relationship between Various Employee Performance Recognition Techniques and Customer Satisfaction: Evidence from the Restaurant Industry of Pakistan

Employee performance recognition techniques are used extensively by every organization to recognize employees, which motivates employees to put more efforts in attaining more customer satisfactions in order to achieve organizational growth. Restaurants of contemporary epoch are putting more time, money and efforts to satisfy their employees because restaurant owners and managers know that external customers can never be satisfied until own internal employees are satisfied. In this paper, various techniques of employee performance recognition, which includes awards, bonus/cash, certificates of appreciations, praise in meetings, nominations for training and job redesign has been interrogated and gauged to evaluate their possible impacts on the customer’s satisfaction. A sample of 200 restaurant managers and 4000 customers of restaurants were taken for the study from the variety of restaurants of major cities of Pakistan, which includes Karachi, Hyderabad, Lahore, Multan, Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Peshawar and Quetta. Personal survey method was used to acquire data and General Linear Model was used to interrogate the relationship between various employee performance recognition techniques and customer satisfaction. Results show that all outlined performance recognition techniques have a positive relationship with the customer satisfactions which reflects that the employee performance recognition techniques have a pivot and vital role in making customers satisfied.Customer Satisfaction, Employee Performance, Performance Recognition Techniques

Determinants of export performance in textile industries of Pakistan

This research is a correlation study of export performance determinants to investigate the interdependency between independent (Increase of pricing strategy adaptation, Increase of export intensity, Firm's commitment to exporting, Export market development, Export market competition, Past Pricing Strategy Adaptation, Past Export Performance Satisfaction, Past Export Intensity, Export market distance) and dependent variables (i.e. Expected Short-Term Export Performance improvement) of export performance. The framework is tested via a survey through questionnaire from industrial exporters of textile in Pakistan. Findings reveals that the past export performance satisfaction with r value reported is positive r=54.2% and p=0.002Export Performance; export; textile industries

Effects of Deceptive Advertising on Consumer Loyalty in Telecommunication Industry of Pakistan

This study is an attempt to interrogate the effects of deceptive advertising on consumer loyalty in telecommunication industry of Pakistan. Four variables, Call Charges (CC), Network Coverage (NC), Network Quality (NQ) and Customer Service (CS) were used to measure deception in Telecom Ads and then its effect on consumer loyalty while the consumer preference is used as the proxy of consumer loyalty. 10,000 random individuals from telecom industry were selected to conclude the results. Testing specification confirmed that the deception overwhelmingly exists in telecom ads and none of the telecom companies were providing exactly the same quality of service in terms of Call Charges, Network Coverage, Network Quality and Customer Service, as they promise in their advertisements, while, the consumers are inclined towards the services where the deceptions are seemingly meager.Advertising, Deceptive Advertising, Consumer Loyalty, Telecommunication