Fluorinated Porphyrinic Crystalline Solids: Structural Elucidation and Study of Intermolecular Interactions

Crystal engineering is an emerging area of research in material, biological, and pharmaceutical chemistry that involves synthesis of new materials, analysis of its structure including intermolecular interactions using X‐ray crystallography as well as computational methods. It has been shown that the intermolecular interactions involving organic fluorine such as C−F∙∙∙H, F∙∙∙F, and C−F∙∙∙π play an important role in stabilizing the supramolecular assemblies, especially in the absence of strong intermolecular forces. Recently, non‐covalent interactions involving conjugated aromatic system such as porphyrins have been studied intensively. The synthetic porphyrins are of widespread attention because of their close resemblance to naturally occurring tetrapyrrolic pigments and they find various materials and biological applications. In this book chapter, we disclose our recent findings on detailed crystal structure analysis of a few series of fluorinated porphyrins using single‐crystal XRD as well as computational Hirshfeld surface analysis to understand the role of close contacts involving fluorine in the molecular crystal packing

TCP Performance And Throughput Fairness Optimization In A Multi-Hop Pipeline Network

Node starvation wireless sensor network (WSN) is a critical factor that affects the overall performance in a typical multi-hop linear network especially in an extensive scale network. The unfairness of sharing network resources with all source nodes in a multi-hop linear network amplifies the node starvation that often results in passive nodes in a network. This factor becomes critical with the increasing network density, aggressive data transfer, single destination node and inadequate data scheduling. This paper highlights the Delayed acknowledgement timeout for flat one-tier throughput critical application model (DAT-FTCAM) a mathematical fairness model that ensure maximum throughput fairness for pipeline network scenario. The DAT-FTCAM enables the users to calculate the maximum delayed acknowledgement timeout for transmission control protocol (TCP) proportional to the travel time or difference between a source and a destination node. The implementation of DAT-FTCAM technique with modified TCP parameters on NS2 has revealed a network fairness index of above 0.99 with optimum network performance in a scalable pipeline network. The DAT-FTCAM decreases data packet collision and eliminates passive nodes in a pipeline network with optimum throughput fairnes

Biomarkers of attention bias during public speaking anxiety

The analysis of brain signals and their properties yields significant insights into the fundamental neural impairments associated with attention bias in individuals suffering from public speaking anxiety (PSA). This study aims to identify electroencephalogram (EEG) and performance biomarkers of attention bias in individuals with public speaking anxiety using the ex-Gaussian modeling technique, frontal alpha asymmetry (FAA) and delta-beta correlation (DBC). 12 subjects with high (H) PSA and 12 subjects with low (L) PSA performed the modified emotional stroop task. EEG data were captured using the low-cost 14-channel emotiv Epoc+. Results showed that the ex-Gaussian sigma was higher in the emotional condition in the high public speaking anxiety (HPSA) group, indicating attention bias. The study also found higher right FAA in HPSA compared to LPSA group. There was a negative correlation between σ and alpha power in the left region of the brain in the HPSA group, potentially related to attentional bias. Moreover, there was a notable trend towards significantly heightened DBC in the frontal and central regions of the brain among HPSA subjects. In conclusion, in biomedical engineering, the ex-Gaussian model, FAA and DBC are useful because they can identify EEG and performance biomarkers of attention bias in people with PSA

A mobile and web-based security guard patrolling, monitoring and reporting system to maintain safe and secure environment at premises

The guard tour system helps companies and organizations to monitor their security activities such as protecting people, buildings, assets, or equipment. According to the existing system, the patrolling at each checkpoint is being executed by using RFID-based digital data loggers that records and save all patrolling entries internally. The data will be transferred manually by the guard once the patrolling is completed. In some cases, when there is a problem with the device, the system unable to retrieve the patrolling data that has been already stored in the device. In addition, the current system also not be able to track the guard’s movement, patrolling information, and incidents in real-time basis. The main aim of this work is to develop a Security Guard Patrolling, Monitoring and Reporting (eSmartGuard) system that able incorporates many unique and intelligent technologies such as NFC, GPS and IoT to records and save the patrolling data automatically on the cloud/server in real-time basis. An important value-added feature of the system is real-time incidents notification that able to notify any risk of the guards instantly to the security officers. Furthermore, through the eSmartGuard, the patrolling information such as date, time, GPS coordinate, guard ID can be monitored and retrieved remotely via proposed Mobile Apps and Web at a convenient time. The eSmartGuard patrolling system is proposed to improve the safety of the people and assets by assisting the security guards to perform their patrolling duty efficiently

Network performance optimisation using odd and even dual interleaving routing algorithm for oil and gas pipeline networke

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) provide promising and resilient solutions in a broad range of industrial applications, especially in the pipeline of oil and gas midstream pipeline. Such application requires a wide communication coverage area because the pipelines are usually stretched over a long distance. To fit the requirement, the sensor nodes have to be arranged in a linear formation. Performance evaluation has been carried out using reactive (AODV) and proactive (DSDV) routing protocols during the initial phases of the research. The factors causing the overall network performance to degrade as the network density increases are identified. It is mainly due to the load's increment, which will inhabit the packet queue and clog the network. These will result in packet loss, throughput unfairness, higher power consumption, and passive nodes in the network. The AODVEO reactive routing protocol is proposed to reduce the routing instabilities by splitting the traffic into (1) even-path and (2) odd with the consideration of the x-axis. The proposed routing algorithm was then compared to AODV and DSDV routing algorithms in terms of network performance with node deployment of 20,40,60,80,100,120,140,160,180 and 200. The proposed routing algorithm has shown substantial improvements in the delivery ratio (19.07% more), throughput (9 kbps more), fairness index (0.06 more), passive node's presence (30% less), and energy consumption (0.038J less) when compared to AODV on 200 nodes deploymen

Be phenomenon in open clusters: Results from a survey of emission-line stars in young open clusters

Emission-line stars in young open clusters are identified to study their properties, as a function of age, spectral type and their evolutionary state. 207 open star clusters were observed using slitless spectroscopy method and 157 emission stars were identified in 42 clusters. We have found 54 new emission-line stars in 24 open clusters, out of which 19 clusters are found to house emission stars for the first time. About 20% clusters harbour emission stars. The fraction of clusters housing emission stars is maximum in both the 0--10 and 20--30 Myr age bin ($\sim$ 40% each) and in the other age bins, this fraction ranges between 10% -- 25%, upto 80 Myr. We have used optical colour magnitude diagram (CMD) along with Near-IR Colour-Colour diagram (NIR CCDm) to classify the emission stars into Classical Be (CBe) stars and Herbig Be (HBe) stars. Most of the emission stars in our survey belong to CBe class ($\sim$ 92%) while a few are HBe stars ($\sim$ 6%) and HAe stars ($\sim$1%). The CBe stars are located all along the MS in the optical CMDs of clusters of all ages, which indicates that the Be phenomenon is unlikely due to core contraction near the turn-off. Most of the clusters which contain emission stars are found in Cygnus, Perseus & Monoceros region of the Galaxy, which are locations of active star formation. The distribution of CBe stars as a function of spectral type shows peaks at B1-B2 and B6-B7. Our results indicate there could be two mechanisms responsible for the CBe phenomenon. Some are born CBe stars (fast rotators), as indicated by their presence in clusters younger than 10 Myr. Some stars evolve to CBe stars, as indicates by the enhancement in the fraction of clusters with CBe stars in the 20-30 Myr age bin.Comment: 54 pages, 18 figures, Submitted to MNRA

Synthesis, structure, electrochemical, DNA interaction and antimicrobial studies of fluorinated trans-dicationic pyridinium porphyrins

trans-Dicationic pyridinium porphyrins are superior artificial nucleases compared to their non-fluorinated analogues and bind with calf thymus DNA by outside groove binding with or without self-stacking, also show significant antimicrobial activities.</p