Effect of protonation state and N-acetylation of chitosan on its interaction with xanthan gum: a molecular dynamics simulation study

Hydrophilic matrices composed of chitosan (CS) and xanthan gum (XG) complexes are of pharmaceutical interest in relation to drug delivery due to their ability to control the release of active ingredients. Molecular dynamics simulations (MDs) have been performed in order to obtain information pertaining to the effect of the state of protonation and degree of N-acetylation (DA) on the molecular conformation of chitosan and its ability to interact with xanthan gum in aqueous solutions. The conformational flexibility of CS was found to be highly dependent on its state of protonation. Upon complexation with XG, a substantial restriction in free rotation around the glycosidic bond was noticed in protonated CS dimers regardless of their DA, whereas deprotonated molecules preserved their free mobility. Calculated values for the free energy of binding between CS and XG revealed the dominant contribution of electrostatic forces on the formation of complexes and that the most stable complexes were formed when CS was at least half-protonated and the DA was ≤50%. The results obtained provide an insight into the main factors governing the interaction between CS and XG, such that they can be manipulated accordingly to produce complexes with the desired controlled-release effect

Antigenic Detection of Salmonella Infection Among Pediatric Patients with Acute Gastroenteritis

Background: Diarrheal diseases are one of the social problems in developing countries. The pathogens commonly associated with childhood diarrhea are Salmonella, Clostridium difficile, Shigella, Yersinia and Escherichia coli but the highest attack rate for salmonellosis in infancy. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of Salmonella antigen in acute gastroenteritis in children admitted to a pediatric hospital. Material and Methods: The study was performed on freshly collected stool samples among 94 acute diarrheal children below two years admitted to AL-Khadymia and AL-Elweya pediatric hospitals from May 2015 to January 2016. A questionnaire was completed for each patient's name, age, gender, clinical data like fever, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The criteria included hemorrhagic fresh stool sample in addition to containing parasite agent. Fresh stool samples were tested by immunochromatographic assay for antigenic detection of Salmonella. Results: Salmonella antigen identified in five stool samples one for male and four for females. All pediatric patients show fever, vomiting and abdominal pain, while the stool consistency distributed to 75.5% watery and 24.5% loosely. Stool samples show 69.1% with blood and 39.9% without blood, 16.9% with pus and 83.1% without pus, 83% with mucous and 17% without mucous. Four cases with giardiasis and 24 cases with entamebiasis and 14 cases with cyst of E. histolytica or G. lamblia in addition to absence the parasites ova in all stool samples. Conclusion: Salmonella antigen present in five stool samples, all the patients show vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, 65 cases with blood in comparison with, 29 without blood 15 cases with pus in comparison with 79 without pus. 78 cases with mucous in comparison with, 16 without mucous, four cases with goddesses and 24 cases with entamebiasis, 14 cases with cyst of E. histolytica or G. lamblia in addition to absence the parasites ova in all stool samples

Identification of a novel type of spacer element required for imprinting in fission yeast

Asymmetrical segregation of differentiated sister chromatids is thought to be important for cellular differentiation in higher eukaryotes. Similarly, in fission yeast, cellular differentiation involves the asymmetrical segregation of a chromosomal imprint. This imprint has been shown to consist of two ribonucleotides that are incorporated into the DNA during laggingstrand synthesis in response to a replication pause, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Here we present key novel discoveries important for unravelling this process. Our data show that cis-acting sequences within the mat1 cassette mediate pausing of replication forks at the proximity of the imprinting site, and the results suggest that this pause dictates specific priming at the position of imprinting in a sequence-independent manner. Also, we identify a novel type of cis-acting spacer region important for the imprinting process that affects where subsequent primers are put down after the replication fork is released from the pause. Thus, our data suggest that the imprint is formed by ligation of a not-fullyprocessed Okazaki fragment to the subsequent fragment. The presented work addresses how differentiated sister chromatids are established during DNA replication through the involvement of replication barriers

Design and Implementation an Industrial Application System by using Internet of Things (IOT)

The objective of this thesis is to design and build a real-time system for an automated production line prototype that will consist of CNC machine and robotic arm including many other components like raspberry pi as a controller kit and LDR sensor. It has been programmed in a new approach based on the technology of the Internet Of Things concept, a cloud services from amazon web services (AWS) with the python as a common programming language in the smart system industry to implement this project. Keywords: 4 Industrial Technology, Industrial Internet of things (IIOT), Raspberry Pi

IMPROVING THE PRIORITIZATION PROCEDURE OF PATIENTS WITH COVID-19 IN HOSPITALS BASED ON DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUES: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Coronavirus-specific antibodies can be detected in the blood of people who have recently recovered from coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Convalescent-Plasma (CP) transfusion process proved that it's among the most efficient protocols, and it's used in hospitals to treat various infections and diseases. Several medical issues have been addressed due to the growing interest in creating Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications. However, considering the virus's enormous potential harm to global public health, such uses are insufficient. This proposed systematic review and meta-analysis aims to obtain an overview of COVID-19, highlight the limits of decision-making approaches, and give healthcare professionals information about the technique's advantages. Between 2016 and 2021, five databases, namely IEEE Xplore, Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were utilized to run four sequences of search queries. As a result, 477 studies are found to be relevant. Only six studies were thoroughly examined and included in this review after screening articles and using proper inclusion criteria, highlighting the lack of research on this crucial topic. Studies' findings were reviewed to identify the gaps in all the evaluated papers. Motivations, problems, constraints, suggestions, and case examples were thoroughly examined. This study seeks to answer how we support the researchers with collected information for managing transfusion of the highest quality CP to the most critical COVID-19 patients across telemedicine hospitals

PAPR reduction in OFDM system for DVB-S2

A special form of multicarrier modulation is Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) which is offer high spectral efficiency for high speed data transmission through multipath fading channels. Many advantages can be achieved by using OFDM in addition to spectral efficiency like its robustness against intersymbol interference and multipath effect. One of a major drawback of OFDM is high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the transmitted signal which leads to a distortion in the power amplifier and causes decreasing the efficiency of power amplifier. To reduce PAPR of OFDM signal many of promising solutions have been proposed and implemented. In this paper, a joint Low Density Parity Check code (LDPC), Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and μ-law companding is proposed to reduce PAPR of OFDM signal at transmitter. Comparison of these PAPR reduction techniques is done based on CCDF performance of the system

Design and Implement a Gas Pipeline Inspection System using Robotic Vehicle

Gas leak is an important safety issue in oil and gas production. During the past fifteen years, a considerable number of studies have been made into how to detect and localize gas leaks. Equipped with sensors measuring the point concentration of specific substances, a variety of mobile robots and technologies have been looking for gas sources. This paper presents a real-time system to detect abnormal events on gas pipes, by developing a data monitoring system to detect the gas levels and concentration using GAS leak detector system that is positioned on robotic vehicle (pioneer p3-dx) combined with modern communication technologies in terms of GPS to locate the robot in real-time accuracy of tracking process. Keywords: Gas Detection, Robotic (outdoor seeker), EASYPEE (zigbee) board, GP

Superluminal light group velocity in tapered optical microfibers

Superluminal light group velocity was formerly reported in anomalous dispersion, nonlinear amplification of light pulse, high-gain lasers\u27 cavities, and waveguides. Motivated by a recent observation of light acceleration in optical microfiber [1], the possibility of attaining the light group velocity exceeds its value in vacuum is investigated. The investigation of superluminal velocity is in tapered optical microfiber that has a radius decreases with propagation axis by a factor 10-3. Our results show the possibility of attaining superluminal group velocity in this microfiber at length of about 1080µm. At this length the instantaneous acceleration of light is found to be 13×1019 m/s2 which its corresponding Unruh temperature is 0.527K

Maximum intensity determination of beam waist in BBO optical nonlinear crystal using single harmonic generation

Nonlinear optics is a branch of optics that explains the nonlinear response of atoms and molecules to a field of light radiation. There is a difficulty in cutting crystals in shapes commensurate with their optical properties, and thus it was significant to determine the descriptive shape of crystal properties based on its optic properties to be ideal in use. The problem of determining the length of the crystal to give the best output power is still under study and research and is one of the most important topics. In our research, a computational method based on mathematical relationships was used to estimate the length of the BBO crystal of I-type, which gives the best output power, by manipulating the location of the optical light scattering to be in the middle of the crystal. It was found that the best length of a crystal with a width of 3mm and a height of 3mm is 7mm. the comparison of these results with the previous literatures gave a great match, which confirms the correctness of the computations and the reliability of used method