Critique of the Hadith "Were I to command one to prostrate to another, it would be …."

This research investigates the Hadith ("Were I to command one to prostrate to another, it would be wife to husband.",. This Hadith's tracks or sources and evidences are numerous, and they need to be carefully examined, especially as the Hadith has been a subject of talk by non-specialists, due to ignorance, arrogance, whims, or distortion purposes. The controversy has attracted arguments for and against the Hadith; some even claimed it to be inconsistent with the Qur'an despite its hypothetical condition. This necessitates Hadith specialist inquiry into it so that the truth of the matter can be available to all, and distortion attempts can be thwarted. The research aims to: gather and document all versions of the Hadith; to establish the reliability of the Hadith; and to refute whimsical allegations that are entertained by parties ignorant of related religious teachings. Methodologically, the research applies an inductive-deductive approach. It ends with thirtythree conclusions related to the Hadith chains of narrators, ranking, implications and linguistic analysis

Pharmaceutical versus mechanical induction of labor

Labor induction is one of the most common obstetric interventions carried out in obstetric institutions. More than one fifth of labors needs induction. To date, many methods are available for labor induction with the pharmaceutical and mechanical methods being the commonest. The most common pharmaceutical agents used are prostaglandins, oxytocin, synthetic progesterone antagonists, and nitric oxide. Mechanical induction is carried out through using balloon catheters, hygroscopic dilators, artificial membrane rupture, or membrane stripping. Though pharmaceutical methods had largely replaced mechanical induction of labor, no consensus guidelines recommend their use. Studies from literature are still conflicting. However, it is generally agreed that the use of a combined approach with both pharmaceutical and mechanical methods of induction yields the best outcome. This article will review the different methods for labor induction, their effectiveness, and adverse events

Early-infantile onset epilepsy and developmental delay caused by bi-allelic GAD1 variants

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the most abundant amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain. GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Its predominant isoform GAD67, contributes up to ∼90% of base-level GABA in the CNS, and is encoded by the GAD1 gene. Disruption of GAD1 results in an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, and as Gad1−/− mice die neonatally of severe cleft palate, it has not been possible to determine any potential neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, little is known about the consequence of GAD1 disruption in humans. Here we present six affected individuals from six unrelated families, carrying bi-allelic GAD1 variants, presenting with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by early-infantile onset epilepsy and hypotonia with additional variable non-CNS manifestations such as skeletal abnormalities, dysmorphic features and cleft palate. Our findings highlight an important role for GAD1 in seizure induction, neuronal and extraneuronal development, and introduce GAD1 as a new gene associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 are implicated in a novel neurodevelopmental disorder with variable cerebral and eye anomalies.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of PLXNA1 variants on the phenotype of patients with autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance patterns and to functionally characterize the zebrafish homologs plxna1a and plxna1b during development. METHODS: We assembled ten patients from seven families with biallelic or de novo PLXNA1 variants. We describe genotype-phenotype correlations, investigated the variants by structural modeling, and used Morpholino knockdown experiments in zebrafish to characterize the embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b. RESULTS: Shared phenotypic features among patients include global developmental delay (9/10), brain anomalies (6/10), and eye anomalies (7/10). Notably, seizures were predominantly reported in patients with monoallelic variants. Structural modeling of missense variants in PLXNA1 suggests distortion in the native protein. Our zebrafish studies enforce an embryonic role of plxna1a and plxna1b in the development of the central nervous system and the eye. CONCLUSION: We propose that different biallelic and monoallelic variants in PLXNA1 result in a novel neurodevelopmental syndrome mainly comprising developmental delay, brain, and eye anomalies. We hypothesize that biallelic variants in the extracellular Plexin-A1 domains lead to impaired dimerization or lack of receptor molecules, whereas monoallelic variants in the intracellular Plexin-A1 domains might impair downstream signaling through a dominant-negative effect

Early-infantile onset epilepsy and developmental delay caused by bi-allelic GAD1 variants.

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are the most abundant amino acid neurotransmitters in the brain. GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is synthesized by glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Its predominant isoform GAD67, contributes up to ∼90% of base-level GABA in the CNS, and is encoded by the GAD1 gene. Disruption of GAD1 results in an imbalance of inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters, and as Gad1-/- mice die neonatally of severe cleft palate, it has not been possible to determine any potential neurological dysfunction. Furthermore, little is known about the consequence of GAD1 disruption in humans. Here we present six affected individuals from six unrelated families, carrying bi-allelic GAD1 variants, presenting with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, characterized by early-infantile onset epilepsy and hypotonia with additional variable non-CNS manifestations such as skeletal abnormalities, dysmorphic features and cleft palate. Our findings highlight an important role for GAD1 in seizure induction, neuronal and extraneuronal development, and introduce GAD1 as a new gene associated with developmental and epileptic encephalopathy

Organizational change in Saudi healthcare settings: Evaluating organizational and individual readiness for change, and the mediating role of readiness for change between management support and commitment to change.

BACKGROUND: To respond to the constantly changing environment and developments of healthcare, leaders of healthcare organizations have been trying to introduce and implement transformations that allow their organizations to be able to operate effectively and efficiently to meet the shifts in healthcare demand and to deal with new patterns of health issues, comply with the new policies, and to enhance their present in the market. Thus, it is important for managers to determine the level of readiness for implementing organizational changes from to perspectives. These perspectives include organizational readiness for change and individual readiness for change. METHOD: This first manuscript used primary data collected from the employees of a 135-bed hospital in Saudi Arabia to evaluate organizational readiness for change. In the second manuscript, we used primary data collected from healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia to assess readiness for organizational change. The final manuscript used the same data collected for the second paper to evaluate the mediating role of readiness of change in the relationship between management support for change and commitment to change among healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. FINDINGS: In the first manuscript, the findings of the partial least square structural equation model showed that change valence and informational assessment were found statistically significant as they explained 36.3% of variance in organizational readiness for change. In the analysis of individual readiness for change, discrepancy, personal benefits, and self-efficacy had significant contribution to the individual readiness for change. Lastly, in the third manuscript, a complementary mediating role by individual readiness for change was found in the relationship between management support for change and commitment to change of healthcare workers in Saudi Arabia. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that change valence and informational assessment contribute significantly to organizational readiness for change. A more a more comprehensive look at factors affecting organizational readiness and the ability of healthcare organizations to carry out changes is needed to examine what additional factors play important role in enhancing organizational readiness for change. In addition, our findings indicated that workers tend to consider what is in return for them when their organizations a certain change. Individual readiness for change was found as a factor that improve commitment to change among healthcare employees. Further empirical studies are needed to examine possible roles of other factors affecting individual readiness for change and commitment to change