Stability of scour protection due to earthquake-induced liquefaction:centrifuge modelling

A key aspect of permanent offshore structures is protection against scour. This is typically in the form of a blanket of coarse gravel or cobbles surrounding the structure. These coarse particles are selected for their high resistance to being displaced by strong currents and thus protect the underlying finer sand particles from scour. However, in the event of an earthquake, the foundation sand may be susceptible to some degree of liquefaction. This research investigates the effects of seismic-induced liquefaction over a scour blanket, and if sinking is inhibited by some combination of the additional effective stress imposed by the gravel together with the interlocking resistance that develops when coarse particles are subjected to relative displacements. In order to evaluate the stability of scour protection blankets, a programme of physical modelling was carried out, involving the assessment of different configurations of stone layers over a liquefiable material, and a monopiletype foundation. Models were subjected to scaled base shaking equivalent to earthquake loading. A mass-balance of particle sinkage showed that a filter layer was critical for maintaining the integrity of the armour stones. Based on displacement and pore water pressure measurements, it was found that the presence of the scour protection blankets improved the response of the liquefiable sand under seismic loading, and even inhibited the occurrence of liquefaction. This implies that a well-designed scour protection blanket can assist in protecting against earthquake effects also

Data protection, safeguarding and the protection of children's privacy: exploring local authority guidance on parental photography at school events

Should parents be allowed to take photographs at school events? Media reports suggest that increasingly schools are answering no to this question, either prohibiting or imposing stringent restrictions upon such photography. The legal justifications for such restrictions are, however, unclear. Accordingly, in 2013 freedom of information requests were sent to local education authorities across England, Scotland and Wales, the aim being to determine what advice local education authorities provide to schools in relation to parental photography at school events, and to identify how education authorities’ understandings of the law influence the advice they offer. That research reveals that local education authorities’ understandings of the law vary significantly and that where authorities do not fully appreciate the extent of the legal obligations arising this may have significant repercussions for the children concerned

Giving Students a Voice in the Grading Process

Throughout a student’s academic career a strong emphasis is placed on grades. Because of this students are often pressured to perform to standards and expectations created by the teacher. Through implementing contract grading, a more democratic approach to grading, students and teachers co-create a tentative syllabus and evaluation system. This study examines the positive and negative effects of contract grading implemented at the undergraduate level through analysis of case studies and teacher action research studies. Special attention is given to how contract grading affects a student’s academic performance, how a more student-centered classroom influences teacher-student relationships, and how this approach can be applied to a high school classroom since little research has been carried out at the high school level

Aspects of Parental Involvement that Increase Student Academic Success

There always has been an overarching trend that parental involvement has a positive impact on the academic success of a student. Despite this idea, there is no definition of “parental involvement” so we are left without knowing which practices promote the academic success of a student. Through the study of many peer reviewed research studies and articles, I have focused my literature review on the aspects of parental involvement that have the most beneficial impact on student academic success – involvement at home and involvement in a student’s motivation (Gonzalex-DeHass, Willems & Holbein, 2005). With this information, present and future teachers and parents can improve the educational success and experience for students

The Impact of Divorce on Adolescent Students

Divorce is a rapidly growing issue in today’s society and the children are the ones who are impacted the most (Dykeman, 2003). In this literature review on how divorce impacts adolescent students, including grades 4-12, several studies have been analyzed that cover the topics of family environment, academic achievement, and behavioral problems associated with divorce. The findings show divorce has several negative impacts on children including: struggling to adjust to a new family environment, decreased chances of reaching full academic potential, and an increased chance of problem behavior inside and outside of school. The information in this literature review is important because it informs parents, teachers, and administrators understand why children act certain ways while coping or adjusting to a divorce. It is crucial that we understand how children are impacted by divorce so we can help children adjust to divorce in a more positive and beneficial way

The Untold History in Textbooks: The Bias and Absence of History in U.S. History Textbooks and the Impact on Black Students

The purpose of this literature review is to recognize the shortcomings of history textbooks in secondary education and discover how to bring change to history classrooms. The main problem with history textbooks is the amount of pertinent information that is simply not included within the text. In today’s society, a lot of African American history is left out of textbooks and this makes it difficult for black students to make meaningful connections to the material, while also decreasing their interest in learning about history. The findings show how alternative teaching methods can effectively include more African American history which, and as a result these efforts can increase African American students’ interest in history overall. This research is important because teachers, administrators, and parents can see how controlling history affects students in today’s classrooms and how it can impact students in future classrooms as well

A Brief Perspective on Emoji Marketing

Marketing has an important place in the success of the businesses. In fact, effective customer communication is the primary aim of the marketing activities. Building a better bridge between the businesses and consumers is very important in order to survive. For this reason, firms have been searching the ways of sending their messages to the target markets in a better manner. In recent years, businesses have started to communicate with their customers in a different way. Businesses use emojis in their marketing activities. In spite of these efforts, in recent years, a new concept ldquoemoji marketingrdquo has emerged. nbspAfter that emoji marketing is started to be an important research topic for authors. In this study, it is aimed to present a brief perspective on emoji marketing. In this context, online databases such as Sage, Science Direct (Elsevier) and Taylor amp Francis were considered in examining this new marketing trend. nbspnbs