Effects of harvesting methods on sustainability of a bay scallop fishery: dredging uproots seagrass and displaces recruits

Fishing is widely recognized to have profound effects on estuarine and marine ecosystems (Hammer and Jansson, 1993; Dayton et al., 1995). Intense commercial and recreational harvest of valuable species can result in population collapses of target and nontarget species (Botsford et al., 1997; Pauly et al., 1998; Collie et al. 2000; Jackson et al., 2001). Fishing gear, such as trawls and dredges, that are dragged over the seafloor inflict damage to the benthic habitat (Dayton et al., 1995; Engel and Kvitek, 1995; Jennings and Kaiser, 1998; Watling and Norse, 1998). As the growing human population, over-capitalization, and increasing government subsidies of fishing place increasing pressures on marine resources (Myers, 1997), a clear understanding of the mechanisms by which fishing affects coastal systems is required to craft sustainable fisheries management

Some Observations on Electron Micrographs of Quartz Sand Grains

Author Institution: Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210Electron micrographs of sand grains from southern Piedmont saprolites, temperate and polar glacial deposits, and the St. Peter Sandstone are presented. Sand-grain surface features of saprolite grains are described for the first time and from these some concept of the initial surface of a quartz sand grain is obtained. Micrographs of the sand grains from glacial deposits whose erosional history was limited to ice action uniformly show strongly striated surfaces. Comparison of the features described here with those offered as criteria for a glacial history by previous workers suggests the need for further evaluation of the published criteria. Further study should be made of sand-grain surfaces using sands which have been exposed to a single erosional agent to allow for the determination of more rigorously denned criteria for the interpretation of their geologic history

The Isotopic Composition of Strontium in Fossils from the Kendrick Shale, Kentucky

Author Institution: Department of Geology and Mineralogy, The Ohio State UniversityNine analyses of the isotopic composition of strontium in the carbonate shells of marine fossils from the Kendrick Shale (Lower Pennsylvanian) of Kentucky indicate an average 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.7086^O.OOOSS at the 95 percent confidence limit. This value is in satisfactory agreement with previous measurements by Peterman et al. (1970) and confirms that strontium in the oceans during Early Pennsylvanian time was anomalously enriched in radiogenic 87Sr, compared to that in earlier and later periods. The isotopic composition of strontium in skeletal clacium carbonate of cephalopods, gastropods, and brachiopods from the Kendrick Shale appears to be the same in spite of the different feeding habits of these animals

Insoluble Residue Studies of the Columbus and Delaware Limestones in Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Geology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10 ; Columbus, Ohio ; Standard Oil Company of Texas, Houston Texas and Lion Oil Company, Denver Colorad

The cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations to iso-caloric moderate intensity and high intensity exercise

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the industrialized nations, and accounts for 1 million deaths in the United States each year (McArdle, Katch & Katch, 1991). One of the major risk factors for cardiovascular disease is physical inactivity, which is a behavioral modified risk factor. Physical inactivity plagues 59% of the people in the United States (ACSM Resource Manual, 1998). Physical inactivity often leads to obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholemia, and places sedentary individuals at more risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), or coronary heart disease (CHD). The question which remains unclear is the quantity and quality of physical activity needed to acquire a health related quality of life and physical fitness. Exercise and/or physical activity has been divided into two categories, depending on the goal of the individual. The quality of leisure time physical activity is most often assessed by energy expenditure, where as the second category, cardiorespiratory fitness, is measured by the cardiovascular and metabolic adaptations to the intensity, frequency and duration of the exercise. Both leisure time physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness are inversely related to CHD (Berlin & Colditz, 1990; Powell, Thompson, Caspersen & Kendrick, 1987). Leisure time physical activity may reduce the chance for chronic disease and improve metabolic function; nonetheless, it may not improve cardiovascular fitness. It is important to 2 note that cardiorespiratory fit men, in a study by Hein, Suadicani and Gumtelberg (1992), had a 67% and 78% lower risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in comparison to the unfit

Alien Registration- Summerson, George (Fort Fairfield, Aroostook County)

https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/35846/thumbnail.jp

It's the Motivation Stupid!

This paper attempts to explain the success of secondary currencies. Success is defined as the degree to which the initiators of these currencies manage to reach their original goals. In order to do so, we draw on two explanatory factors: the motivation of a currency’s founder and the degree of organization. We employed a combination of qualitative interviews, secondary literature review and standardized questionnaires with seven secondary currency projects in Croatia (CROM), Germany (KannWas, Engelgeld), Greece (Ovolos, TEM) and the United Kingdom (Bristol Pound, Brixton Pound). The main findings are that projects which pursue several different motivations are more successful than those with fewer goals. As for the degree of organization, projects which score high on all dimensions of organization are correlated with higher project success. Building on this we propose a typology of two groups: Type 1 cases have low diversity of motivation and organization (CROM and Engelgeld) and Type 2 cases have high diversity of motivation and organization (Bristol Pound, Brixton Pound, and TEM). The two remaining cases, the Ovolos and the KannWas cannot be clearly assigned to any of the types. The "motivation-organization typology" can guide future research on the motivation of founding and using secondary currencies

Impacts of local human activities on the Antarctic environment

We review the scientific literature, especially from the past decade, on the impacts of human activities on the Antarctic environment. A range of impacts has been identified at a variety of spatial and temporal scales. Chemical contamination and sewage disposal on the continent have been found to be long-lived. Contemporary sewage management practices at many coastal stations are insufficient to prevent local contamination but no introduction of non-indigenous organisms through this route has yet been demonstrated. Human activities, particularly construction and transport, have led to disturbances of flora and fauna. A small number of non-indigenous plant and animal species has become established, mostly on the northern Antarctic Peninsula and southern archipelagos of the Scotia Arc. There is little indication of recovery of overexploited fish stocks, and ramifications of fishing activity oil bycatch species and the ecosystem could also be far-reaching. The Antarctic Treaty System and its instruments, in particular the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources and the Environmental Protocol, provide a framework within which management of human activities take place. In the face of the continuing expansion of human activities in Antarctica, a more effective implementation of a wide range of measures is essential, in order to ensure comprehensive protection of the Antarctic environment, including its intrinsic, wilderness and scientific values which remains a fundamental principle of the Antarctic Treaty System. These measures include effective environmental impact assessments, long-term monitoring, mitigation measures for non-indigenous species, ecosystem-based management of living resources, and increased regulation of National Antarctic Programmes and tourism activities

Antarctica: Music, sounds and cultural connections

This is the first book whose subject is the music, sounds and silences of Antarctica. From 2011 until 2014, Australia marked its long-standing connection with Antarctica by celebrating the centenary of the Australasian Antarctic Expedition. The icy continent, with its extremes of climate and environment and unique soundscapes, offers great potential for creative achievements in the world of music and sound. This book demonstrates the intellectual and creative engagement of artists, musicians, scientists and writers. Consciousness of sounds — in particular, musical ones — has not been at the forefront of our aims in polar endeavours, but listening to and appreciating them has been as important there as elsewhere