Effect of Oral and Maxillofacial Injuries on the Development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

Objective: To assess the influence of oral and maxillofacial trauma on the development of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and to determine the efficiency of the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) as a diagnostic tool for detecting PTSD in patients with Oral and Maxillofacial injuries. Material and Methods: PTSD was assessed one month postoperatively by the diagnostic instrument, IES-R, to arrive at a provisional diagnosis. A structured clinician-administered PTSD Scale then assessed the patients for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (CAPS-5) to establish a final diagnosis. The assessment of the severity of PTSD was done based on various types of oral and maxillofacial injuries. Results: The IES-R scale provisionally diagnosed 54 subjects with PTSD, out of which 42 were diagnosed to have PTSD by the CAPS-5 scale. Subjects with injuries involving the ‘orbital complex,’ those presenting with a perceptible scar in the maxillofacial region and with multiple avulsed/ luxated anterior teeth, showed a higher affinity to develop PTSD, and this was statistically significant. Conclusion: Higher levels of PTSD in patients with injuries to the maxillofacial region warrants correct diagnosis and detection, and hence the maxillofacial surgeon plays a vital role in this regard. The IES-R is a useful diagnostic tool to detect PTSD early

Cognitive Spam Recognition Using Hadoop and Multicast-Update

In today's world of exponentially growing technology, spam is a very common issue faced by users on the internet. Spam not only hinders the performance of a network, but it also wastes space and time, and causes general irritation and presents a multitude of dangers - of viruses, malware, spyware and consequent system failure, identity theft, and other cyber criminal activity. In this context, cognition provides us with a method to help improve the performance of the distributed system. It enables the system to learn what it is supposed to do for different input types as different classifications are made over time and this learning helps it increase its accuracy as time passes. Each system on its own can only do so much learning, because of the limited sample set of inputs that it gets to process. However, in a network, we can make sure that every system knows the different kinds of inputs available and learns what it is supposed to do with a better success rate. Thus, distribution and combination of this cognition across different components of the network leads to an overall improvement in the performance of the system. In this paper, we describe a method to make machines cognitively label spam using Machine Learning and the Naive Bayesian approach. We also present two possible methods of implementation - using a MapReduce Framework (hadoop), and also using messages coupled with a multicast-send based network - with their own subtypes, and the pros and cons of each. We finally present a comparative analysis of the two main methods and provide a basic idea about the usefulness of the two in various different scenarios

Study of impairment in collaboration between ceruloplasmin and transferrin in development of complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients can increase the levels of free radicals through various metabolic alterations. One of the most reactive pro-oxidants in peroxidation reactions is free, redox-active iron and generates highly reactive hydroxyl radicals that initiate lipid peroxidation. The purpose of the study was to elucidate the role of CP and TRF in type 2 DM and analyse the effect of disturbance in collaboration between these parameters in pathogenesis of type 2 diabetic complications.Methods: We included 100 Type 2 DM subjects (with and without complications) and 100 healthy controls. The duration of type 2 DM in study subjects ranged from 5 to 16 years.  Blood samples in fasting condition were collected for analysis of serum malondialdehyde (MDA), CP and TRF.Results: In the study serum CP levels were higher in Type 2 diabetic subjects with complications compared to diabetic subjects without complications (P=0.01). However, significantly low transferrin values were obtained in diabetic subjects with complications compared to diabetic subjects without complications (P=0.007). Significantly high MDA levels were observed (P=0.002) in type 2 diabetic subjects with complications compared to type 2 diabetic subjects without complications.Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate oxidative stress plays a role in precipitating complications in Type 2 DM reflecting in disturbance of CP and TRF collaboration.

Efficiency of feed conversion and milk yield in Murrah buffaloes fed with linseed and linseed oil

The present experiment was carried out to study the influence of feeding linseed and linseed oil on feed conversion and milk production efficiency (gross efficiency of milk production and gross protein efficiency) in lactating Murrah buffaloes. For this purpose, 18 lactating Murrah buffaloes were grouped in control (T0), T1 and T2 (06 animals in each) on basis of average live weight (516.55±9.53 kg), milk yield (7.50±0.3 kg), fat percentage in milk (6.70±0.29%) and lactation stage (2 weeks after parturition). Murrah buffaloes in all three groups were fed a same ration, consist of available green fodder, wheat straw and concentrate (69.03:30.97; roughage: concentrate ratio) to fulfill their nutrient requirement for maintenance and milk production of experimental Murrah buffaloes. In the treatment group (T1) 250 g/d linseed oil and 570 g/d whole linseed (T2) was supplemented with basal ration. The experimental feeding to the Murrah buffaloes was started 15 days after parturition and continues for 60 days. However, the experimental data were taken for the period of 6 months (i.e. 180 days). A 7 days digestion trial was conducted at the last of feeding experiment to know the digestibility of nutrient. The milk production, 4% FCM yield, SCM yield, ECM yield, change in body weight, dry matter intake and roughage to concentrate ration didn’t differ significantly between groups. No significant difference was observed in nutrient intake (TDN and CP) between groups. The digestibility of organic nutrient also didn’t differ significantly among experimental groups. The average gross efficiency of milk production was 26.51% and average gross protein efficiency of milk production was 36.49% and didn’t differ significantly. The average feed conversion efficiency as milk yield (kg) / DMI (kg) was 0.61, FCM yield(kg) / DMI (kg) was 0.86, average ECM yield (kg) / DMI (kg) was 0.89 and average SCM yield (kg) / DMI (kg) was 0.85 in lactating Murrah buffaloes. It was concluded that feeding linseed and linseed oil in lactating Murrah buffaloes didn’t affect the milk production efficiency (gross efficiency of milk production and gross protein efficiency) and feed conversion efficiency

Analysis, design, and control of standalone PV based boost DC-AC converter

This paper presents a new control scheme for a boost DC–AC converter which is used for solar power applications. The proposed DC-AC converter configuration can produce an AC voltage level across the output or load side greater than input DC voltage based on the operating duty cycle. Generally, the conventional DC-AC converter or voltage source inverter (VSI) generates AC voltage which is less than input DC voltage. Maintaining a constant voltage across the load with improved dynamic performance is challenging for anyone for the solar photovoltaic (PV) system. A dual-loop sliding mode control is proposed for the boost VSI to address the above issues. The proposed controller has robust in nature against the wide fluctuation in the plant or load parameters. The design, analysis and control of the boost DC-AC converter are briefly discussed in this paper. This topology can be broadly used in solar powered uninterruptible power supply (UPS) where boosting operation is essential for low voltage solar PV system. This topology eliminates the DC boosting power processing stage which leads an improved efficiency of the overall system. The MATLAB/Simulink results are presented to highlight the above issues

Effect of meals with varying glycemic index on blood glucose response in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Background: In diabetes mellitus (DM) glucose is underused, producing hyperglycaemia. Dietary interventions would be effective in management of glycemic control in DM. The glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) takes into account the glycemic response. Foods with contrasting GI when incorporated into a meal are able to differentially modify glycemia. Currently there is no universal approach to the optimal dietary strategy for DM. Also, little is known about whether this is dependent on the size and composition of the meal. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the blood glucose response to mixed meals (with varying GI and GL) served to Type 2 DM subjects and to determine the relationship between GI, GL and Postprandial Plasma glucose levels (PPG) in Type 2 DM.Methods: This study included 30 Type 2 DM subjects and 30 Non Diabetic Subjects. The subjects were served Hospital based and Home based diet. The FPG (Fasting Plasma Glucose) and PPG values were analysed for comparing the effect of both the diets on plasma glucose levels.Results: After analysis of study data we found that plasma glucose response (FPG-126±6.1 mg/dl, PPG-144.3±4.5 mg/dl) for hospital based low GI meals is significantly lower (p <0.0001) than after one week follow up home based mixed GI meals, (FPG-135±4.5 mg/dl, PPG 158.3±4.5 mg/dl).Conclusions: It was concluded in the study that Plasma Glucose shows a positive response to high GI foods and this may aggravate the hyperglycemia already present in Type 2 DM. Low GI diets may be helpful in reducing risks related to Type 2 DM.

Corrosion impact analysis on residual life of structure using cathodic technique and algor simulation software

Damage to the reinforced concrete structure is mainly occurring because of two reasons either due to end of service life or due to load exceeds beyond structural capacity. Along with these two reasons degradation of material property is the one more major factor which causes the risk of failure. A concrete structure constructed in an aqueous environment get exposed to the corrosion process. Consequently, this causes the generation of crack, fragilization, a decrease of bond strength between reinforcement and concrete. All these factors affection static and dynamic behavior of concrete structure reducing the service life of an affected area. Whereas service life carries the major role in the economy of a concrete structure that is why various methods have been developed in the second half of the 20th century to find out the residual life of the structure. In this proposed work, a non-destructive technique is used to predict the residual life of reinforced concrete beams having different cracking levels, as results of steel reinforcement corrosion, considering the variation produced in the dynamic behavior, through the variation of the first natural vibration frequency. Whereas to accelerate the corrosion process, impress current technique is used in which a current is externally applied to induce corrosion in reinforcement and then crack widths and vibration natural frequencies were measured. A numerical model is proposed with the help of FEM based Auto desk Algor simulation software to predict attack penetration depth. At the end, the paper is concluded by giving an effect of “water to cement ratio” and “cover to diameter ratio” on the initiation and propagation of corrosion and residual life of corroded beam specimen is graphically represented

Consequence of prill fat and rumen protected choline supplementation on milk yield and its makeup in Murrah buffaloes

This study was conducted to analyze the consequence of prill fat and rumen protected choline (RPC) supplementation on performance of lactating Murrah buffaloes. Murrah buffaloes (n=18) were distributed into three groups (Control, T1 and T2) having six buffaloes in each, based on milk yield, fat per cent and stage of lactation. During the experimental period of 90 days, buffaloes in all the three groups were fed same basal diet, containing green fodder (Berseem), wheat straw and concentrate mixture to meet their requirements for maintenance and milk production. Buffaloes in Group T1 were daily supplemented with prill fat 2.5% of total DMI whereas; buffaloes in Group T2 were daily supplemented with 54 g rumen protected choline along with same quantity of prill fat fed as in Group T1. In contrast to the control group, overall milk yield (kg) of lactating Murrah buffaloes was significantly (P&lt;0.01) increased by 0.99 and 1.78 kg in Group T1 and T2. The average 4% FCM (kg/d), ECM (kg/d) and fat yield (kg/d) was significantly (P&lt;0.01) higher in Group T2 followed by Group T1 and Group control. There was no significant difference in milk composition of buffaloes except milk fat (%) and total solids (%) which were improved significantly (P&lt;0.01) in supplemented groups. It was observed that prill fat supplementation in the ration helped to make better performance of early lactating Murrah buffaloes by enhanced milk yield and fat percent which can be further increased by supplementing the ration with rumen protected choline. Overall milk yield (kg) of lactating Murrah buffaloes was significantly (p&lt;0.01) increased by 0.99 and 1.78 kg in T1 and T2 groups, as compared to the control group. The average 4% FCM (kg/d), ECM (kg/d) and fat yield (kg/d) was significantly (p&lt;0.01) higher in T2 group followed by T1 and control group. There was no significant difference in milk composition of buffaloes except milk fat (%) and total solids (%) which were improved significantly (p&lt;0.01) in supplemented groups. It was concluded that prill fat supplementation in the ration helped in improving performance of early lactating Murrah buffaloes by increasing milk yield and fat percent which can be further enhanced by supplementing the ration with rumen protected choline