Improving the adherence of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with pharmacy care: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

BACKGROUND: Oral medication for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus plays an important role in diabetes care and is associated with a high level self-care behavior and self-management. However, poor adherence to diabetes treatment is common which causes severe health complications and increased mortality. Barriers to adherence may consist of complex treatment regimens often along with long-term multi-therapies, side effects due to the medication as well as insufficient, incomprehensible or confusing information or instructions provided by the health care provider. Multidisciplinary approaches can support adherence success and can enable a more effective management of diabetes care. One approach in diabetes care can be the involvement of a pharmacist. The aim was to analyze the effectiveness of adherence-enhancing pharmacist interventions for oral medication in type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. The study quality was assessed with the Cochrane risk of bias tool. RESULTS: Of 491 hits, six publications were included. Two studies mainly examining educational interventions showed a significant improvement in adherence. Moreover, the quality of the included studies was deficient. CONCLUSION: Although pharmacist interventions might potentially improve adherence to type 2 diabetes mellitus medication, high-quality studies are needed to assess effectiveness

Sirens of Modernity

By the 1960s, Hindi-language films from Bombay were in high demand, not only for domestic and diasporic audiences, but for sizable non-diasporic audiences across Eastern Europe, Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Indian Ocean world. Confounding critics who saw the films as noisy and nonsensical, Bombay films attracted worldwide viewers precisely for their elements of romance, music, and spectacle. In this richly documented history of 1960s Hindi cinema, Samhita Sunya historicizes the emergence of world cinema as a category of cinematic diplomacy that formed in the crucible of the Cold War. Interwoven with this history is an account of the prolific transnational circuits of popular Hindi films. By following archival leads and threads of argumentation within commercial Hindi films that seem to be odd cases—flops, remakes, low-budget comedies, and prestige productions—this book offers a novel map for excavating the historical and ethical stakes of world cinema and world-making via Bombay. “Samhita Sunya’s rich and provocative book offers a needed corrective to contemporary debates on transnational cinema, translation and co-production, and cinephilia by approaching them from a new geographic and historical vantage point. A terrific contribution to a growing body of film studies scholarship that is redefining the field as we know it.” Masha Salazkina, author of In Excess: Sergei Eisenstein’s Mexico “This elegantly written book remaps the atlas of world cinema. Its refreshingly non-Eurocentric perspective, innovative methods for tracing the intersection of material and affective histories of circulation, and transregional scope make it a valuable addition to film studies, South Asian studies, and inquiries into the global 1960s.” Manishita Dass, author of Outside the Lettered City: Cinema, Modernity, and the Public Sphere in Late Colonial Indi

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING ON REPURCHASE INTENTION: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN THE REFILL PERFUME SHOP

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji pengaruh aktivitas social media marketing terhadap repurchase intention melalui variabel brand awareness, brand trust dan brand image. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode observasi, yakni dengan cara melakukan pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner online berbentuk google form. Pengambilan data menggunakan kuesioner yang dicapai melalui media sosial seperti seperti whatsapp dan Instagram kepada 200 responden yang bertempat tinggal di Jabodetabek dimana responden tersebut pernah membeli dan menggunakan parfum refill. Data yang diperoleh telah dianalisis dengan structural equation modelling (SEM) dan bantuan program AMOS. Sebagai hasil dari analisis, ditemukan bahwa social media marketing merupakan faktor yang efektif dan berpengaruh terhadap brand awareness, brand trust, dan brand image. Selain itu brand awareness berpengaruh secara positif terhadap repurchase intention, brand trust berpengaruh secara positif terhadap repurchase intention, dan brand image berpengaruh secara positif terhadap repurchase intention. Kata kunci: social media marketing, repurchase intention, brand awareness, brand trust, brand imag

Dynamique de la réponse physiologique d’Escherichia coli à des perturbations maîtrisées de son environnement : vers le développement de nouveaux outils de changement d’échelle

Les bioréacteurs de grandes dimensions, en raison de phénomènes de transfert limitant, sont le siège d’hétérogénéités se traduisant par des gradients locaux de concentration et température. Les microorganismes circulant au sein de ces bioréacteurs subissent donc des fluctuations environnementales qui peuvent affecter leur comportement aux niveaux métaboliques et/ou moléculaires. La réponse microbienne est fonction de la nature, de l’intensité, de la fréquence et de la durée de la perturbation. L’objectif de ce travail est l’étude quantitative de l’impact de l’intensité, la fréquence et l’amplitude d’un stress nutritionnel sur le comportement dynamique d’Escherichia coli, à savoir des ajouts pulsés de glucose lors de cultures continues en régime permanent. Un effort particulier est consacré au développement et à la validation des outils expérimentaux indispensables pour une caractérisation rigoureuse des dynamiques de réponses transitoires sur des échelles de temps allant de secondes à quelques minutes. Pour permettre le suivi in situ et en temps réel des changements métaboliques et moléculaires, une souche bioluminescente est mise en œuvre. Les réponses transitoires sont caractérisées par les vitesses spécifiques, les rendements, les profils d’induction transcriptionnelle, les temps caractéristiques. Selon les différents scenarii réalisés, l’ajustement du métabolisme face aux hétérogénéités de substrat est quantifié selon des échelles de temps aux niveaux macroscopiques et/ou moléculaires ; ces résultats originaux contribuent ainsi à l’implémentation des connaissances sur les interactions dynamiques entre les phénomènes biologiques et les phénomènes physiques ; l’enjeu réside à terme en l’amélioration des processus d’optimisation et d’extrapolation des bioprocédés par l’identification et la quantification des dynamiques des phénomènes limitants.---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Ineffective mixing entailing heterogeneity issues within industrial bioreactors have been reported to affect microbial metabolisms at cellular and/or molecular levels. Substrate gradients inside large-scale bioreactors are common environmental fluctuations that microorganisms would have to encouter along with the bioprocess. Depending on intensity, frequency and duration of those fluctuations, microorganisms may respond in a different manner. The objective of this work is to study the impact of intensity, frequency and amplitude of glucose perturbations on the dynamics of Escherichia coli responses. An E. coli bioluminescent strain is used for in situ and real-time monitoring of both metabolic and transcriptional changes. For this purpose, short-term glucose excess was simulated, using pulse-based experiments into glucose-limited chemostat cultures. In addition, an important effort is devoted to the development and validation of technical and mathematical tools in order to acquire quantitative and kinetic data on time scales from seconds to minutes. The transient responses are characterized, using specific rates, yields, transcriptional induction profiles and characteristic response times, and are compared in the different defined perturbation scenarios. The results reflected the fact that short-term heterogeneities of substrate affect both cell metabolism and regulation at macroscopic and/or molecular levels. Quantitative understandings of the dynamics during transient responses to environmental perturbations can thus shed light on the bioprocess optimization

Kern County Upward Bound Needs Assessment: Providing Opportunity for Low-Income and First-Generation College Students

The Upward Bound Program was developed to provide educational opportunities to low-income and first generation students. In this study, three schools were selected to represent the target population of Kern County. Arvin High School and Wasco Union High School were chosen due to the high poverty rate within rural communities and East Bakersfield High School was chosen to represent an urban community. Data from secondary sources were collected to examine the graduation rates, drop-out rates, SAT scores, and family income of students from the three selected high schools. Findings from the data collected indicated that two of the three schools selected, Arvin High School and Wasco Union High School, had the highest level of low-income students in Kern County. East Bakersfield High School was the third school chosen due to their high drop out rate (16.2%) in 2006/2007. The results of this study provide evidence of the importance of establishing and maintaining an Upward Bound Program in Kern County

Do children want environmental rights? Ask the Children!

In this paper, we argue for the importance of application and safeguarding of the ‘environmental rights of children,’ and further argue that an understanding of children’s perspectives towards nature and their rights to a viable and healthy environment can help both educational and policy development. To that end, we present a case study of preliminary qualitative research conducted in the United Kingdom that asks children themselvestheir views and degree of exposure to the natural environment. This research is underpinned by an environmental rights-based approach for environmental education, and a novel argument for incorporating children’s own understandings and perspectives in application of environmental rights. We conclude with recommendations for strengthening children’s environmental engagement, protection of rights, and education, and recognize that there is a need for further research to better understand children’s perspectives to their own environmental rights