Sorption and desorption of indaziflam degradates in several agricultural soils

Processes regulating pesticide fate in the environment are influenced by the physicochemical properties of pesticides and soils. Sorption and desorption are important processes as they regulate the movement of pesticides in soil. Although sorption-desorption is widely studied for herbicides, studies involving their metabolites in soil are scarce. Sorption and desorption of indaziflam metabolites (indaziflam-triazinediamine (FDAT), indaziflam-triazine-indanone (ITI) and indaziflam-carboxilic acid (ICA)) were investigated in six Brazilian (BRA) soils and three United States (USA) soils with different physicochemical properties. The Freundlich equation described sorption of the metabolites for all soils (R2 >; 0.98; 1/n ~ 1). Sorption order (Kf) was ITI >; ICA >; FDAT. Mean values of Kf,oc were 453, 289, and 81 (BRA) and 444, 48, and 48 (USA) for metabolites ITI, ICA, and FDAT respectively. Desorption was hysteretic for all metabolites in all soils. These results suggest that these metabolites fall in the classification range of mobile to moderately mobile in soils

Sorption and desorption of indaziflam degradates in several agricultural soils

ABSTRACT Processes regulating pesticide fate in the environment are influenced by the physicochemical properties of pesticides and soils. Sorption and desorption are important processes as they regulate the movement of pesticides in soil. Although sorption-desorption is widely studied for herbicides, studies involving their metabolites in soil are scarce. Sorption and desorption of indaziflam metabolites (indaziflam-triazinediamine (FDAT), indaziflam-triazine-indanone (ITI) and indaziflam-carboxilic acid (ICA)) were investigated in six Brazilian (BRA) soils and three United States (USA) soils with different physicochemical properties. The Freundlich equation described sorption of the metabolites for all soils (R2 > 0.98; 1/n ~ 1). Sorption order (Kf) was ITI > ICA > FDAT. Mean values of Kf,oc were 453, 289, and 81 (BRA) and 444, 48, and 48 (USA) for metabolites ITI, ICA, and FDAT respectively. Desorption was hysteretic for all metabolites in all soils. These results suggest that these metabolites fall in the classification range of mobile to moderately mobile in soils

The Dianions of 3-Alkoxycyclopent-2-En-1-Ones: a General Approach Towards Tricyclopentanoids (Alkoxycyclopentenones).

A Novel methodology generally applicable to the synthesis of a number of tricyclopentanoid sesquiterpenes has been developed. The method involves generation of the dianion from 3-isobutoxycyclopent-2-1-one with two equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide followed by its dialkylation reaction with 2,2-dimethyl-3-iodopropanal. The bicyclic product thus obtained in 65% yield, ((+OR-))-8(alpha)-hydroxy-4-isobutoxy-7,7-dimethyl-1(alpha),5(alpha)-bicyclo{3.3.0}oct-3-en-2-one, is an extremely versatile synthetic intermediate toward a number of cyclopentanoid sesquiterpenes possessing a geminal dimethylated cyclopentane ring. The synthetic utility of this bicyclic product has been amply demonstrated by its highly efficient further transformation into the key coriolin synthetic intermediate, ((+OR-))-3(alpha)-hydroxy-1(beta),4,4-trimethyl-2(alpha),6(alpha)-tricyclo{6.3.0.0('2,6)}undec-8-en-10-one. The transformation involves a highly stereocontrolled conjugate addition of the cuprate derived from 2-(2-bromomethyl)-1,3-dioxane as a precursor for the C-ring. The overall synthesis of this tricyclic compound required 11 steps in overall 20.5% yield from the readily available 3-isobutoxycyclopent-2-en-1-one. Furthermore, the convenient synthesis of the useful synthon, 4,7,7-trimethyl-bis-bicyclo{3.3.0}oct-3-en-2-one, for the synthesis of a number of the linearly fused tricyclopentanoid sesquiterpenes such as hirsutene, has been developed. Simple optical resolution of the bicyclic alcohol, ((+OR-))-8(alpha)-hydroxy-4-isobutoxy-7,7-dimethyl-1(alpha)-5(alpha)-bicyclo{3.3.0}oct-3-en-2-one, via silica gel flash column chromatographic separation of its (-)-(alpha)-methoxy-(alpha)-trifluoromethylphenylacetates has led to the synthesis of two optically active 4,7,7-trimethyl-bis-bicyclo{3.3.0}oct-3-en-2-one enantiomers. In addition, the unsuccessful attempts to obtain the tricyclopentanoid skeleton via the Nazarov reaction are described.Ph.D.Organic chemistryUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/159998/1/8412209.pd

Metabolic fate of the heart agent [18F]6-fluorometaraminol

Studies were performed to determine whether [18F]6-fluorometaraminol (18F-FMR), a new neuronal heart radiopharmaceutical, is metabolized in vivo and if the metabolites are taken up in heart. Rat, dog, baboon and guinea pig were injected with 18F-FMR and tissue samples were analyzed for metabolites by HPLC. Liver contained the most metabolites of the tissues studied with 25-90% of the radioactivity present as metabolites at 1 h in all the species studied. While metabolites of 18F-FMR are found in blood, no significant accumulation of these metabolites is found in heart ([les]0.3%) 1 h after i.v. administration in any species except rat. These studies suggest that 18F-FMR is a suitable agent for quantitative imaging of the heart by positron emission tomography.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/28226/1/0000679.pd