Hypolipidemic potential of squid homogenate irrespective of a relatively high content of cholesterol

BACKGROUND: Our previous study has shown that regardless of a relatively high amount of cholesterol, squid homogenate lowers serum and hepatic cholesterol in animals. Since this work, we have developed a new method to inhibit autolysis of squid proteins with sodium citrate. This study aims to investigate how squid homogenate prepared with sodium citrate affects lipid metabolism in Sprague–Dawley rats at the molecular level. METHODS: We prepared squid homogenate with sodium citrate to inhibit autolysis of squid protein. In Experiment 1 (Exp. 1), rats were given a cholesterol-free control diet or a squid diet, with squid homogenate added at the level of 5% as dietary protein for 4 weeks. Blood, the liver and adipose tissue were taken after 6 hours fasting. Serum and hepatic lipids and activities of enzymes related to lipid metabolism were measured. In Experiment 2 (Exp. 2), the above-mentioned diets had cholesterol added at the level of 0.1% and given to rats. Lipid parameters, enzyme activities, and gene expression of proteins involved in lipid metabolism in the liver and the small intestine were determined. In addition, feces were collected for two days at the end of Exp. 2 to measure fecal excretion of steroids. RESULTS: In Exp.1, serum triglyceride and cholesterol were ~50% and ~20% lower, respectively, in the squid diet-fed rats than in the control diet-fed animals while hepatic cholesterol was ~290% higher in the squid diet-fed rats. When cholesterol was included into the diets (Exp. 2), serum lipids were significantly lower in the squid group while no difference of hepatic lipid was seen between two groups. Activities of hepatic lipogenic enzymes were significantly lower in rats on the squid diet while the enzyme responsible for fatty acid oxidation was not modified (Expt. 1 and 2). Hepatic level of mRNA of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein was significantly lower in the squid group. In the small intestine, the squid diet exhibited significantly lower gene expression of proteins involved in fatty acid transport and cholesterol absorption. Fecal secretion of acidic steroids, but not neutral steroids, was higher in rats fed the squid diet than in those fed the control diet. CONCLUSION: These results imply that newly-developed squid homogenate has hypolipidemic potential primarily through decreased absorption of bile acids in the small intestine and suppressed lipogenesis in the liver

A Note on the Employment adjustment in Japanese Manufacturing Industries

application/pdfBulletin of University of Osaka Prefecture. Ser. D, Economics, business administration and law. 1988, 32, p.37-48departmental bulletin pape

<Article>Employment Problems for the Elderly in Japan

application/pdfBulletin of Osaka Prefecture University. Ser. D, Economics, business administration and law. 1997, 41, p.27-43departmental bulletin pape

<ARTICLE>Computerization and Employment in Japanese Banking

application/pdfJournal of economics, business and law. 2000, 2, p.31-51departmental bulletin pape

The Effects of Growth in the Agricultural and Service Sectors on Out-Of-School Children in the Lao PDR

Lao PDR experienced a high rate of out of school children in the last decade, while its economy grew averaging 6.96% from 1989 until 2017. A high growth in certain economic sectors (e.g., agriculture or services) may inadvertently induce students to leave school to work directly, and also indirectly encourage them to leave school to replace adult labor in the household. The current research targets to examine the impact of the growth of the sectors on out-of-school children in primary and lower secondary education. The analysis uses household data from 2012 and employs a multinomial logit model. The results suggest that the growth in the agricultural and service sectors reduces the possibility of school-age children in school enrollment. Moreover, it increases the probability of never enrolled and school dropout

Bounds on oblivious multiparty quantum communication complexity

The main conceptual contribution of this paper is investigating quantum multiparty communication complexity in the setting where communication is \emph{oblivious}. This requirement, which to our knowledge is satisfied by all quantum multiparty protocols in the literature, means that the communication pattern, and in particular the amount of communication exchanged between each pair of players at each round is fixed \emph{independently of the input} before the execution of the protocol. We show, for a wide class of functions, how to prove strong lower bounds on their oblivious quantum $k$-party communication complexity using lower bounds on their \emph{two-party} communication complexity. We apply this technique to prove tight lower bounds for all symmetric functions with \textsf{AND} gadget, and in particular obtain an optimal $\Omega(k\sqrt{n})$ lower bound on the oblivious quantum $k$-party communication complexity of the $n$-bit Set-Disjointness function. We also show the tightness of these lower bounds by giving (nearly) matching upper bounds.Comment: 13 pages, an accepted paper of LATIN 202

Complexity Beyond Classical Limits: A Study of Quantum Query and Communication Models

doctoral thesi

<ARTICLE>The Effect of Husband's Commuting and Working Time on Fertility : Empirical Evidence from the Panel Survey on Consumers

application/pdfJournal of economics, business and law. 2001, 3, p.25-39departmental bulletin pape

Feldstein-Horioka Paradox – The Case of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

Empirically, the positive association between domestic savings and capital formation is well recognized in research works where the extent of contribution of domestic savings to domestic investments varies among the courtiers. Considering both the significance of Feldstein-Horioka Paradox and the gradual rise in global importance for the South Asian nations from political and economic contexts, this research paper has been designed to trace out the impact of domestic savings, foreign aid, dynamism in capital mobility over time and the extent of trade openness on domestic capital formation for the 8 SAARC economies with a view to comment on the status of the Feldstein-Horioka puzzle. We have covered 34 annual observations for the time span 1980-2013 and installed several alternative static linear panel estimation techniques (POLS, FEM, REM) with a slight modification of the specification used by Isaksson (2001). Empirically, apart from foreign aid, all the other regressors have been found to be significant. The results also demonstrate that during the timeframe both gross savings and trade openness have positively affected domestic investments, which is absolutely in line with the previous research works. Moreover, it is also evident that foreign aid hasn’t contributed well in capital accumulation in this region and gradual financial liberalization along with other initiatives has made the global capital more accessible to the economies. JEL Classification: F21, F30, F35 Keywords: Feldstein-Horioka Paradox, Panel Data, South Asi