How we can THINC-it Better: A new Digital Screening Tool in Depression Assessment

In the past decades, cognition as one of the key factors in depression has been highlighted. It has been found that cognitive impairment (CI) might both precede the onset of depression and persist during remission. This factor is influencing education, work performance and social life, even after euthymia is reached. Even with the growing number of research, there is no universal agreement in how to assess CI in depression. This makes it challenging to consider the CI symptom and make it a part of the treatment plan of depression. This studies aim is to investigate the sensitivity of a newly developed cognitive screening tool, THINC-it, in a nonpatient group, for identifying CI related to symptoms of depression. The THINC-it was measured together with existing tools for cognition (BRIEF-A) and depression (MADRS), assessing both objective and subjective measures of cognition. Our results show that the global scores of THINC-it correlate significantly with the scores on both BRIEF-A and MADRS-S. The objective scores did not significantly correlate with the scores on BRIEF-A and MADRS-S. However, the subjective scores of THINC-it correlates with BRIEF-A and MADRS-S. When dividing in levels of depression, participants showing either low or moderate symptoms of depression, scored significantly higher on THINC-it compared to participants without depressive symptoms. THINC-it seems to be an adequate screening-tool clinicians’ can implement as part of their screening and treatment of depression, used in all the stages of the illness in order to assess cognitive functioning.De siste årene har kognisjon som en av nøkkelfaktorene i depresjon blitt fremhevet. Kognitiv svekkelse kan være tilstede både før depresjon, og henge igjen etter de depressive symptomene et lettet. Dette påvirker både utdanning, arbeid og sosialt liv. Selv med den voksende litteraturen, er det ingen universell måte å evaluere kognitiv svekkelse på hos pasienten. Dette gjør det vanskelig teste og å implementere i en behandlingsplan. Målet for denne studien er å undersøke sensitiviteten til ett nytt kognitivt screeningverktøy, THINC-it, i normalbefolkningen for å identifisere kognitiv svekkelse i relasjon med depresjonssymptomer. THINC-it ble måle med eksisterende verktøy for kognisjon (BRIEF-A) og depresjon (MADRS), som vurderer både objektive og subjektive mål av kognisjon. Resultatene viser at de globale scorene av THINC-it korrelerer signifikant med resultatene på både BRIEF-A og MADRS-S. De objektive scorene var ikke signifikant korrelert med scorene på BRIEF-A og MADRS-S. Imidlertid korrelerer de subjektive scorene i THINC-it med BRIEF-A og MADRS-S. Forskjellige depresjonsnivåer, lave eller moderate symptomer, viste en signifikant forskjell i THINC-its subjektive score sammenliknet med deltakerne uten depresjonssymptomer. THINC-it ser ut til å være et dekkende screening-verktøy klinikere kan implementere som en del av deres vurdering og behandling av depresjon, og brukes i alle stadier av lidelsen for å vurdere kognitiv fungering.Masteroppgave i psykologiMAPSYK36

Gender Competent Criminal Law

Se analiza desde el punto de vista del Convenio de Estambul, cuál es el marco normativo de referencia en cuanto a la articulacion de los tipos penales por parte de los Estados firmantes

Molecular analysis of the human cytoglobin mRNA isoforms

Multiple functions have been proposed for the ubiquitously expressed vertebrate globin cytoglobin (Cygb), including nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, lipid peroxidation/signalling, superoxide dismutase activity, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (RONS) scavenging, regulation of blood pressure, antifibrosis, and both tumour suppressor and oncogenic effects. Since alternative splicing can expand the biological roles of a gene, we investigated whether this mechanism contributes to the functional diversity of Cygb. By mining of cDNA data and molecular analysis, we identified five alternative mRNA isoforms for the human CYGB gene (V-1 to V-5). Comprehensive RNA-seq analyses of public datasets from human tissues and cells confirmed that the canonical CYGB V-1 isoform is the primary CYGB transcript in the majority of analysed datasets. Interestingly, we revealed that isoform V-3 represented the predominant CYGB variant in hepatoblastoma (HB) cell lines and in the majority of analysed normal and HB liver tissues. CYGB V-3 mRNA is transcribed from an alternate upstream promoter and hypothetically encodes a N-terminally truncated CYGB protein, which is not recognized by some antibodies used in published studies. Little to no transcriptional evidence was found for the other CYGB isoforms. Comparative transcriptomics and flow cytometry on CYGB+/+ and gene-edited CYGB−/− HepG2 HB cells did not unveil a knockout phenotype and, thus, a potential function for CYGB V-3. Our study reveals that the CYGB gene is transcriptionally more complex than previously described as it expresses alternative mRNA isoforms of unknown function. Additional experimental data are needed to clarify the biological meaning of those alternative CYGB transcripts

Violence as a lens to Viking societies: A comparison of Norway and Denmark

Comparing Viking Age Norway and Denmark, the article examines the primary proposition that as centers of authority become progressively more robust, violence will be proportionately contained. The article introduces a new approach in using indications of violence as a focal point to elicit broader social practices. The disciplines employed in this study – archaeology, osteology, philology, and sociology – are used together in the study of covariance of different indicators across a societal range. The indicators for assessing violence include skeletal trauma and weapon frequency. For assessing the steepness of the social pyramid, we use runestones, indicating variations in social stratification, and monumental constructions as a measure of power to command labor. Among the findings: weapons and interpersonal violence in Norway was much more widespread than in Denmark, and the social pyramid in Denmark was progressively steeper and more complex than in Norway. “Official” executions accounted for the preponderance of violence in Denmark, while rare in Norway. Denmark was evidently a more “civilianized” society than Norway. The comparative research supports the primary proposition. The research, furthermore, suggests that Denmark and Norway were sociologically distinct societies, which accords with recent findings that the respective regions displayed distinct, though still similar, genetic profiles.publishedVersio

Sykepleie til barn som pårørende

SAMMENDRAG Bakgrunn: Hvert år opplever nesten 3500 barn at en forelder blir kreftsyk, og over 34 000 barn har eller har hatt en forelder med kreft. Dersom barn ikke får tilstrekkelig ivaretakelse i forelderens sykdom, kan dette medføre usikkerhet og frykt. Barn kan være en vanskelig gruppe pårørende å håndtere og sykepleiere har en elementær rolle for god ivaretakelse. Sykepleiere føler de ikke strekker til, og har lite kunnskaper om hvordan de skal møte barna. Hensikt: I denne oppgaven ønsker vi å belyse hvordan sykepleiere kan ivareta barn som pårørende til forelder med kreftsykdom. Valg av metode: Oppgaven vår er en integrativ litteraturstudie. Besvarelsen vår baserer seg på fire kvalitative forskningsartikler og relevant bakgrunnslitteratur. En av artiklene har et pårørendeperspektiv, en artikkel har et sykepleieperspektiv, en har foreldres perspektiv, og en har foreldres og barnets perspektiv. Resultater: Resultatene fra vår studie viser at barn har behov for en sykepleier som har en omsorgsfull væremåte i møte med dem. Barna ønsker å bli inkludert og å få tilstrekkelig og tilpasset informasjon til deres individuelle behov. Det viser seg å være nødvendig at sykepleier har god faglig kompetanse og en pedagogisk tilnærming

Sykepleie til barn som pårørende

SAMMENDRAG Bakgrunn: Hvert år opplever nesten 3500 barn at en forelder blir kreftsyk, og over 34 000 barn har eller har hatt en forelder med kreft. Dersom barn ikke får tilstrekkelig ivaretakelse i forelderens sykdom, kan dette medføre usikkerhet og frykt. Barn kan være en vanskelig gruppe pårørende å håndtere og sykepleiere har en elementær rolle for god ivaretakelse. Sykepleiere føler de ikke strekker til, og har lite kunnskaper om hvordan de skal møte barna. Hensikt: I denne oppgaven ønsker vi å belyse hvordan sykepleiere kan ivareta barn som pårørende til forelder med kreftsykdom. Valg av metode: Oppgaven vår er en integrativ litteraturstudie. Besvarelsen vår baserer seg på fire kvalitative forskningsartikler og relevant bakgrunnslitteratur. En av artiklene har et pårørendeperspektiv, en artikkel har et sykepleieperspektiv, en har foreldres perspektiv, og en har foreldres og barnets perspektiv. Resultater: Resultatene fra vår studie viser at barn har behov for en sykepleier som har en omsorgsfull væremåte i møte med dem. Barna ønsker å bli inkludert og å få tilstrekkelig og tilpasset informasjon til deres individuelle behov. Det viser seg å være nødvendig at sykepleier har god faglig kompetanse og en pedagogisk tilnærming

The invasive Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, in Scandinavia coastal waters:A risk assessment on the impact in different habitats and climate conditions

A massive invasion of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, has occurred in Scandinavia during the last decade. The introduction and dispersal was described through collaboration between scientists from Sweden, Denmark and Norway. This work has been followed up by national activities that clearly visualized the need for a continued collaboration between scientists in the Scandinavian countries, as the bio-invasion is a cross-border issue and management actions then have to be synchronized, and based on a “state of the art” knowledge of the Scandinavian bio-invasion of the species. The risk assessment presented in this report is based on available scientific literature, expert judgments and data collected during a Nordic collaboration project on Pacific oysters in 2011 – 2013

NOXA accentuates apoptosis induction by a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor

Epigenetic modifiers of the histone deacetylase (HDAC) family are often dysregulated in cancer cells. Experiments with small molecule HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) have proven that HDACs are a vulnerability of transformed cells. We evaluated a novel hydroxamic acid-based HDACi (KH16; termed yanostat) in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, short- and long-term cultured colorectal cancer (CRC) cells, and retinal pigment epithelial cells. We show that KH16 induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, both time and dose dependently in PDAC and CRC cells. This is associated with altered expression of BCL2 family members controlling intrinsic apoptosis. Recent data illustrate that PDAC cells frequently have an altered expression of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein NOXA and that HDACi induce an accumulation of NOXA. Using PDAC cells with a deletion of NOXA by CRISPR-Cas9, we found that a lack of NOXA delayed apoptosis induction by KH16. These results suggest that KH16 is a new chemotype of hydroxamic acid HDACi with superior activity against solid tumor-derived cells. Thus, KH16 is a scaffold for future research on compounds with nanomolar activity against HDACs

Repeated and Systematic Intimate Partner Violence in Rural Areas in Sweden

Violence against women lacks geographical boundaries, although research demonstrates higher rates of such violence in rural areas compared to urban areas. The repeated and systematic intimate partner violence (IPV) is especially problematic in isolated areas. This study aims to investigate how repeated and systematic IPV, was handled by the criminal justice system in rural areas in Sweden and how risk and victim vulnerability factors were related to recidivism in this longitudinal prospective study. The sample consisted of alleged perpetrators of repeated and systematic IPV who had been either reported, charged, or convicted of repeated and systematic IPV defined according to the Swedish Law Gross Violation of a Woman’s Integrity targeting such violence, in two rural Swedish police districts during 2011–2014 (N = 258). Results demonstrated that 30% of IPV perpetrators were charged with the Gross violation offense and 5% were charged for other IPV-related offenses. The conviction for the Gross violation offense was 11% and 24% for other IPV-related offenses. 56% were not charged or convicted of any IPV-related offenses. Perpetrators convicted of the Gross Violation offense were more likely to receive longer prison sentences than perpetrators convicted of other IPV-related offenses. Victim cooperation in the police investigation increased the likelihood for prosecution with 7.3 times and for a conviction with 6.1 times. In terms of recidivism 24% engaged in IPV towards the same victim and another 27% recidivated into general criminality. Recidivists had higher summary risk ratings and more individual risk factors than non-recidivists, such as general criminality, employment problems and mental health problems, and victim vulnerability factors including personal problems. To reduce re-victimization, risk and vulnerability factors and supporting victims to cooperate in the police investigation should be considered when forming risk management strategies to protect victims of repeated and systematic IPV in such rural areas