Euroopa Liidu sotsiaalkindlustuse koordineerimise reeglid ja mitteosamakselised rahalised erihüvitised

http://www.ester.ee/record=b514494

The Relationship between Gram-Negative Colonisation and Bloodstream Infections in Neonates: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Neonates admitted to Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) are at significant risk of developing bloodstream infections (BSIs). Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) both colonise and infect, but the association between these entities is unclear. By conducting a systematic literature review, we aimed to explore the impact of factors on the association between GN colonisation and GN-BSI at both baby level and unit level. METHODS: We searched Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Observational cohort studies published after 2000 up to June 2016 reporting data on the total number of neonates (0-28 days) colonised with GNB assessed by rectal/skin swab culture and the total number of neonates with GN-BSI (same bacteria) were included. Studies were excluded if data on skin/rectal colonisation, neonates, and GNB could not been identified separately. The meta-analyses along with multivariate meta-regression with random-effect model were performed to investigate factors associated with the GN colonisation and GN-BSI at baby-level and unit-level. RESULTS: 27 studies fulfilled our inclusion criteria, 15 for the baby-level and 12 for the unit-level analysis. Study heterogeneity was high, with suboptimal overall quality of reporting assessed by the STROBE-NI statement (44.8% of items adequately reported). In 1,984 colonised neonates, 157 (7.9%) developed GN-BSI compared with 85 of 3,583 (2.4%) non-colonised neonates. Considerable heterogeneity across studies was observed. Four factors were included in the meta-regression model: Gross domestic product (GDP), pathogen, outbreak, and frequency of screening. There was no statistically significant impact of these factors on GN colonisation and GN-BSI in baby level. We were unable to perform the multivariate meta-regression due to the insufficient reported data for unit level. CONCLUSIONS: Study limitations include the small number and the high heterogeneity of the included studies. While this report shows a correlation between colonisation and BSI risk, this data currently doesn't support routinely screening for GNB. The analysis of large cohorts of colonised neonates with clinical outcomes is still needed to define the major determinants leading from colonisation to infection

The Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Engagement Fellowship Pilot AHRC Funding Scheme Report

This report provides an assessment and commentary on the AHRC’s 2020—22 Equality, Diversity and Inclusion Engagement Fellowship (EDIEF) pilot observing the successes, challenges, and benefits of its existence during its first iteration. The report aims to support subsequent rounds of EDIEF funding by highlighting lessons learned from the application process and the awarded projects so that improvements can be made to future calls. The need to diversify the researcher community in AHRC disciplines is well-evidenced, particularly on race, disability, and gender. This provides clear rationales for targeted positive action such as the EDIEF pilot scheme. The AHRC’s efforts to launch the EDIEF are commendable for their innovation and ambition, particularly in the context of the pandemic. Feedback from award holders on their experiences of the EDIEF pilot identifies specific areas for enhancement in the running of the fellowship, as well as policy and procedural suggestions to enhance EDI in AHRC funding schemes more broadly. Some of the recommendations could be easily adopted to mitigate or eliminate inequalities, whilst others reflect broader and systemic inequalities, which may take longer to change. The research for this report sought out and engaged a variety of stakeholders including applicants, award holders, research assistants, project partners and AHRC colleagues, to comment on the processes the AHRC has for welcoming applications, reviewing proposals, awarding funding and project delivery support. These voices (many of which are from underrepresented groups and have EDI expertise either professionally or through lived experience) have contributed to the below recommendations so that the EDIEF pilot can evolve effectively and support mainstreaming of innovations in other AHRC activities. The report recognises the EDIEF’s position as part of the strategic roadmap in meeting the aims and objectives listed within the AHRC’s EDI Statement and action plan (released 29th April 2021). It is important to consider the relationship of the EDIEF pilot call to the overarching mission of the AHRC to: “Position itself as a leading voice for EDI in the arts and humanities.” “Achieve greater representation of racial and ethnic minorities and persons with disabilities in arts and humanities research.” “Offer and advocate support for arts and humanities researchers from racial and ethnic minorities and with disabilities through the various stages of their research careers.” Understand and address “the lack of representation from Black and Minority Ethnic researchers and researchers with disabilities among our award holders.” “Address barriers to equality and diversity in arts and humanities research and encourage the development of programme content to enhance the diversity of its component disciplines.” This report, in part, observes the extent to which the EDIEF pilot contributes to fulfilling and achieving these goals set out by the AHRC, while the recommendations included in this report provide a means to better realising the above mission. Pilots, by their very nature, require refining with the intention of establishing optimised versions. This pilot was no exception, and this report explores the EDI issues associated with this call to ensure future provision can mitigate against any disadvantage to individuals or groups who were unable to apply in this round. Time has been taken to observe the barriers and hesitations associated with responding to a call, specifically focusing on EDI, and the report documents the full effect of offering funding where PI costs are ineligible. The timing of this call and support issues for award holders are further headline features of this pilot that, with tweaking, can inhibit exacerbation of further EDI issues for those already marginalised or unrepresented in the landscape of funding for academic research

Boksamtal ­ att arbeta fram ett förslag till lärarhandledning i samarbete med sju

Vårt syfte med detta arbete är att utforma ett förslag till lärarhandledning för hur man kan arbeta med boksamtal. Vi lät sju pedagoger som arbetar med boksamtal svara på en enkät med frågor om hur de arbetar med boksamtal. Med hjälp av deras svar på våra frågor samt med hjälp av relevant litteratur i ämnet sammanställer vi ett litet häfte som tar upp hur man kan arbeta med boksamtal. Genom detta häfte hoppas vi att de pedagoger som inte arbetar med boksamtal och de som vill arbeta med boksamtal men inte vet hur, ska få inspiration till att börja med boksamtal. Att hitta ett optimalt arbetssätt för arbetet med boksamtal är inte möjligt, eftersom förutsättningarna i klassrummen ser olika ut. De deltagande pedagogerna arbetar med boksamtal på olika sätt, men vi kunde se vissa likheter i deras sätt att arbeta. De deltagande pedagogerna vill med sin undervisning få eleverna att reflektera över de böcker och texter de läser. Att koppla till egna erfarenheter samt att ställa frågor på de texter de läser fann man i de flesta av de deltagande pedagogernas arbetssätt. Vi fann att de mål pedagogerna satt upp för arbetet med boksamtal dels var språkliga mål och kunskaps mål, som t.ex. innebär att eleverna ska få ett ökat ordförråd, att de ska utveckla sitt språk och att de ska reflektera över texter och dels emotionella mål. De emotionella målen innebär t.ex. att pedagogerna ville att eleverna skulle få en läsupplevelse och att de ska läsa mer även på fritiden. De språkliga målen tillsammans med kunskapsmålen var exakt lika många som de emotionella målen. De deltagande pedagogerna verkade nöjda med att använda boksamtal och de upplevde att eleverna visade en positiv förändring i och med arbetet med boksamtal

Kolleegilt kolleegile (12.2019) - Sirle Suviste

Rühmitamine Moodle'is, Socrative, Poll Everywhere

The Improvement of Express Delivery Transportation Models of 24express Ltd

Lõputöö autor püstitas käesoleva töö probleemiks ettevõtte 24express OÜ ekspress-saadetiste ebaefektiivsuse. Eesmärgi täitmiseks oli vaja koguda esmalt teoreetilist informatsiooni ekspress-saadetiste veoteenuse olemusest. Ekspress-saadetiste veoteenuseks peetakse transpordiprotsessi, kus saadetised transporditakse kaubasaatjatelt kaubasaajateni minimaalse ajakuluga. Selles osas langeb teenuste valik kaheks – Priority Service ehk ekspress-teenus ning Economy Service ehk tavateenus. Teenuse tarbija langetab teenusevaliku vastavalt oma saadetise olemusele ning vajadusele. Ekspress-saadetisteks peetakse saadetisi, mis üldjuhul omavad kõrget väärtust või on saadetise transpordil nõutud eritingimused kohaletoimetamise tarneaja suhtes. Uurides Euroopa ja Eesti ekspress-saadetiste veoteenuse turgu, saab järeldada, et turuliidriteks on maailmas hästi tuntud ettevõtted nagu näiteks Deutsche Post DHL Group, TNT Express N.V., Federal Express Corporation ning United Parcel Service. Ajafaktorit peetakse üheks tähtsaimaks aspektiks veoteenuse pakkumisel ning sellest tulenevalt, olles hea reageerimisvõimekusega, saavutatakse ka kõrge klienditeeninduse tase. Ekspress-saadetiste veoteenuse pakkujaid kasutatavad erinevad tootmisettevõtted peamiselt ettenägematute olukordade lahendamiseks ning sellest tulenevalt omavad teenuse pakkujad olulist rolli ettevõtete ostutegevuses. Autor viis olemasolevate transpordimudelite analüüsimiseks läbi uurimuse, et leida mudelite kitsaskohtad. Selle tarbeks koostati uuringud mõlemale osapoolele – teenusepakkujatele ning teenuse tarbijatele. Kõige olulisemad tulemused, mida autor sai kasutada uute sisendite näol olemasolevate transpordimudelite täiustamisel oli peamiselt seotud järgnevate asjaoludega: 1) Konkureerivad teenusepakkujad suudavad vastata ekspress-saadetiste transpordipäringutele 15-30 minuti jooksul, ettevõte 24express OÜ aga 30-45 minuti jooksul. 2) Veoteenuse tarbijate jaoks on esmatähtsamad klienditeeninduse tase ning kiire tarneaeg, veoteenuse hind on tihtipeale mitteoluline. 63 Eespool toodud uuringu tulemused võttis lõputöö autor sisenditeks, mille alusel hakata olemasolevaid ekspress-saadetiste transpordimudeleid täiustama. Kaardistades olemasolevaid mudeleid selgus, et maanteetranspordi ekspress-saadetiste transpordimudelit pole võimalik olulisel määral täiustada nii, et mudeli efektiivsus tõuseks veelgi. Sellest tulenevalt otsustati mudel edaspidiselt mitte täiustada. Täiustamise võimalused aga ilmensid nii maantee- ja lennutranspordi kombineeritud mudeli kui ka maantee- ja meretranspordi kombineeritud mudeli puhul. Lõputöö autor käsitles mudelites kahte etappi: 1) Mudeli esimest etappi käistleti kui klienditeenindusliku taseme etappi. 2) Mudeli teist etappi käsitleti kui ekspress-saadetiste transpordi korraldamise etappi. Maantee- ja lennutranspordi kombineeritud ekspress-saadetiste mudeli puhul selgus, et mudel muutub läbi täiustamiste efektiivsemaks siis, kui ettevõtte 24express OÜ koostööpartner Jetpak Group AB sõlmib lepingu lennukompanii Finnair Eesti müügiagendiga SkyPartners Group OÜ. Sellest tulenevalt saab ettevõte 24express OÜ transportida ekspress-saadetisi Tallinnast-Oulusse oluliselt paremal viisil kui seda tehakse tänasel päeval. Maantee- ja meretranspordi kombineeritud ekspress-saadetiste mudeli puhul selgus, et mudel muutub läbi täiustamiste efektiivsemaks siis, kui ettevõte 24express OÜ paigaldab kaubaruumid laevandusettevõtete pardale näiteks Tallinn-Helsingi-Tallinn liinil. Sellest tulenevalt on võimalik maandada riske olukordades, kus laevandusettevõtete autotekid on täielikult broneeritud. Paigaldatud kaubaruumid pakuvad oluliselt lühemaid tarneaegu teenuse tarbijatele ja tõstab klienditeeninduse taset, mis tuginedes läbi viidud uuringule oli peamisteks aspektideks teenusepakkuja valimisel. Lõputöö autor on veendunud, et käesolevast tööst ilmnenud ettevõtte 24express OÜ ekspress-saadetiste transpordimudelite kitsaskohtade parendusettepanekud täiustavad mudeleid. Sellest tulenevalt paraneb ettevõtte klienditeeninduse tase ning tarnevõimekus ekspress-saadetiste veoteenuse osutamisel.The topic of current thesis is „The Improvement of Express Delivery Transportation Models of 24express Ltd“ The aim is to analyze and improve existing transportation models of 24express Ltd. The thesis is divided into three main topics: 1) Theoretical basics of express deliveries. 2) Theoretical basics of case study. 3) The empirical study - improvement of transportation models of 24express Ltd. In the first chapter, the author described theoretical basics of express deliveries. First chapter introduces the defination of express delivery and gives statstical overview of this particular field of logistics. The express delivery is a specific service which is designed for time-sensitive high-value deliveries. In the course of transportation from one country to another, goods are not stored in the terminals for very long but are delivered in the minimum of time. The mode of transportation is chosen according to need and possibilities. The air and road combined transportation solutions is most commonly used for express deliveries. Specific features include flexibility, a dedicated customer service executive dealing with each particular order having a clear overview of the transportation process and covering business-to-business needs. Express Delivery service is divided into two main services – Priority Service and Economy Service. Priority Service is principally used for time-sensitive and valuable shipments. Economy Service is more commonly used for none time-sensitive deliveries wich means that the delivery time is longer. In the second chapter, the author described theoretical basics of this case study. Author execute the study for two parties – express delivery service providers and express delivery service consumers. Author used questionnaires and performed the interview with one service provider to collect data for the research. As a result of this research, the service consumers expect a high customer service level 65 and short delivery times. Author used these two aspects to improve 24express Ltd express delivery transportation models. In the third part of current thesis, author analyzed and gave improved express delivery transportation models of 24express Ltd. 24express Ltd use mostly three different transportation models for express deliveries: 1) The road and air transportation combined model. 2) The road and maritime transportation combined model. 3) The road transportation model. Author singled out the disadvantages of these transportation models. As a result, there were no need to improve the first, road transportation model. There appeared several options how to improve other combined models. The most important improvement of a road and air transportation combined model is that the partner of 24express Ltd Jetpak Group AB should make a contract with Finnair sales agent of Estonia wich will improve delivery times of 24express Ltd. The most important improvement of road and maritime transportation combined model is to construct a storage on the board of the different ships. This improvement will give 24express Ltd the best delivery time solutions to transport an express delivery from Tallinn to Helsinki. The author of this thesis is convinced that the suggestions will improve the express delivery transportation models of 24express Ltd. The suggestions will specifically imrpove the level of customer service and will shorten delivery times at different routes

Huvijuhi roll õpilaste kooliheaolu kujundamisel

https://www.ester.ee/record=b575211

Poola üliõpilasorganisatsioonid Tartu Ülikoolis XIX sajandil ja XX sajandi alguses

https://www.ester.ee/record=b5656034*es