La normativité internationale relative au travail des enfants : l'approche abolitionniste de l'OIT remise en cause

Dans ce mémoire, après avoir exposé les diverses normes internationales relatives au travail des enfants, nous examinons deux approches opposées sur la question du travail des enfants. En premier lieu, l'approche abolitionniste, qui est fondée sur une conception protectionniste de l'enfance qui est dominante dans le monde occidental. Cette approche sous-tend les conventions et recommandations relatives à l'âge minimum d'admission à l'emploi ou au travail adoptées par l'OIT et son objectif de l'abolition du travail des enfants. Mais selon une approche plus récente, celle de l'empowerment, l'enfant est un acteur social qui devrait avoir le droit de tirer un gain économique de son travail. Cette approche s'appuie sur les droits de participation de l'enfant énoncés par la Convention relatives aux droits l'enfant qui comprennent le droit de l'enfant d'exprimer son opinion sur toute question qui l'intéresse et qu'il en soit dûment tenu en compte dans la prise de toute décision ayant un impact sur sa vie. Dans ce contexte, nous examinons ensuite les revendications des organisations d'enfants et adolescents travailleurs, principalement celle d'un droit à un travail digne. En effet, il est clair que le droit international ne leur accorde pas le même droit au travail que les adultes. Pourtant, de nombreux enfants doivent subvenir eux-mêmes à leurs besoins. En niant ou limitant leur droit de « gagner leur vie », selon leur âge, on compromet la réalisation, entre autres, de leur droit à la vie, à la survie et au développement, leur droit à un niveau de vie suffisant et leur droit de jouir du meilleur état de santé possible. Il n'est donc pas dans l'intérêt supérieur de ces enfants d'abolir le travail des enfants. Il y aurait ainsi lieu de remettre en question l'approche de l'OIT. Néanmoins, cela ne signifie pas qu'un droit au travail devrait être reconnu pour tous les enfants sans aucune condition. L'exercice d'un tel droit devrait servir l'intérêt supérieur des enfants et non constituer une échappatoire pour les parents et l'État à l'égard de leurs obligations.\ud ______________________________________________________________________________ \ud MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : travail des enfants, approche abolitionniste, empowerment, droits de participation, organisations d'enfants et adolescents travailleurs, Organisation internationale du travai

Revue d'histoire du Bas-Saint-Laurent, vol. 12 (3-4)

Mot de l'éditeur -- Au micro de CJBR -- La grande histoire de CJBR -- Jules-A. Brillant et le poste CJBR -- Avec CJBR, un bon en avant pour le Bas St-Laurent -- CJBR, l'école -- L'annonceur: un éducateur populaire -- Sandy Burgess : le journaliste que j'ai connu -- "Ce pays qui est le mien" -- Un demi-siècle d'information: que de nouvelles! -- Journaliste de père en fils à CJBR -- Le théâtre à CJBR -- 50 ans de musique à CJBR, le château fort de la mélodie française -- Poésie, théâtre, jazz et originalité avec Michel Garneau -- Les "Chroniques du dimanche", l'âge d'or de la critique culturelle à CJBR -- "Si CJBR m'était conté..." -- L'évolution technologique, un élément-clef de l'histoire des 50 ans de radiodiffusion -- La publicité à CJBR, quarante ans de croissance -- Des pionnières à CJBR -- 1958-1972, des années enrichissantes -- De Trois-Pistoles à Rimouski -- Le sport et son enracinement dans le milieu régional -- "Debout c'est l'heure", c'est Jean Brisson qui sonne le réveil -- "Par une belle journée de tempête" -- Et on repart vers la centain

Insights from global environmental governance

This collection of essays brings together scholars from various disciplines, based on three continents, with different theoretical and methodological interests, but all active in the subfield of global environmental governance (GEG). Each of them reviews the emerging literature around one specific conceptual innovation of GEG, related to one of the two core themes of GEG: International regimes or non-state actors. Beyond a review of the literature, each contribution hypothesizes on the reasons why GEG played a pioneer role in this concept and discusses its transferability to other subfields of IR

An interdisciplinary knowledge translation intervention in long-term care: Study protocol for the vitamin D and osteoporosis study (ViDOS) pilot cluster randomized controlled trial

BACKGROUND: Knowledge translation (KT) research in long-term care (LTC) is still in its early stages. This protocol describes the evaluation of a multifaceted, interdisciplinary KT intervention aimed at integrating evidence-based osteoporosis and fracture prevention strategies into LTC care processes. METHODS AND DESIGN: The Vitamin D and Osteoporosis Study (ViDOS) is underway in 40 LTC homes (n = 19 intervention, n = 21 control) across Ontario, Canada. The primary objectives of this study are to assess the feasibility of delivering the KT intervention, and clinically, to increase the percent of LTC residents prescribed ≥800 IU of vitamin D daily. Eligibility criteria are LTC homes that are serviced by our partner pharmacy provider and have more than one prescribing physician. The target audience within each LTC home is the Professional Advisory Committee (PAC), an interdisciplinary team who meets quarterly. The key elements of the intervention are three interactive educational sessions led by an expert opinion leader, action planning using a quality improvement cycle, audit and feedback reports, nominated internal champions, and reminders/point-of-care tools. Control homes do not receive any intervention, however both intervention and control homes received educational materials as part of the Ontario Osteoporosis Strategy. Primary outcomes are feasibility measures (recruitment, retention, attendance at educational sessions, action plan items identified and initiated, internal champions identified, performance reports provided and reviewed), and vitamin D (≥800 IU/daily) prescribing at 6 and 12 months. Secondary outcomes include the proportion of residents prescribed calcium supplements and osteoporosis medications, and falls and fractures. Qualitative methods will examine the experience of the LTC team with the KT intervention. Homes are centrally randomized to intervention and control groups in blocks of variable size using a computer generated allocation sequence. Randomization is stratified by home size and profit/nonprofit status. Prescribing data retrieval and analysis are performed by blinded personnel. DISCUSSION: Our study will contribute to an improved understanding of the feasibility and acceptability of a multifaceted intervention aimed at translating knowledge to LTC practitioners. Lessons learned from this study will be valuable in guiding future research and understanding the complexities of translating knowledge in LTC. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01398527

Genome-wide association analysis of insomnia complaints identifies risk genes and genetic overlap with psychiatric and metabolic traits.

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked FilesPersistent insomnia is among the most frequent complaints in general practice. To identify genetic factors for insomnia complaints, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) and a genome-wide gene-based association study (GWGAS) in 113,006 individuals. We identify three loci and seven genes associated with insomnia complaints, with the associations for one locus and five genes supported by joint analysis with an independent sample (n = 7,565). Our top association (MEIS1, P < 5 × 10-8) has previously been implicated in restless legs syndrome (RLS). Additional analyses favor the hypothesis that MEIS1 exhibits pleiotropy for insomnia and RLS and show that the observed association with insomnia complaints cannot be explained only by the presence of an RLS subgroup within the cases. Sex-specific analyses suggest that there are different genetic architectures between the sexes in addition to shared genetic factors. We show substantial positive genetic correlation of insomnia complaints with internalizing personality traits and metabolic traits and negative correlation with subjective well-being and educational attainment. These findings provide new insight into the genetic architecture of insomnia.Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research NWO Brain & Cognition 433-09-228 European Research Council ERC-ADG-2014-671084 INSOMNIA Netherlands Scientific Organization (NWO) VU University (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) Dutch Brain Foundation Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - German Federal Ministry of Education and Research state of Bavaria German Migraine & Headache Society (DMKG) Almirall AstraZeneca Berlin Chemie Boehringer Boots Health Care GlaxoSmithKline Janssen Cilag McNeil Pharma MSD Sharp Dohme Pfizer Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine at the University of Munster German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) German Restless Legs Patient Organisation (RLS Deutsche Restless Legs Vereinigung) Swiss RLS Patient Association (Schweizerische Restless Legs Selbsthilfegruppe

Discharge destination following hip fracture in Canada among previously community-dwelling older adults, 2004-2012:Database study

Summary Little is known about post-acute care following hip fracture surgery. We investigated discharge destinations from surgical hospitals for nine Canadian provinces. We identified significant heterogeneity in discharge patterns across provinces suggesting different post-acute recovery pathways. Further work is required to determine the impact on patient outcomes and health system costs.IntroductionTo examine discharge destinations by provinces in Canada, adjusting for patient, injury, and care characteristics.MethodsWe analyzed population-based hospital discharge abstracts from a national administrative database for community-dwelling patients who underwent hip fracture surgery between 2004 and 2012 in Canada. Discharge destination was categorized as rehabilitation, home, acute care, and continuing care. Multinomial logistic regression modeling compared proportions of discharge to rehabilitation, acute care, and continuing care versus home between each province and Ontario. Adjusted risk differences and risk ratios were estimated.ResultsOf 111,952 previously community-dwelling patients aged 65 years or older, 22.5% were discharged to rehabilitation, 31.6% to home, 27.0% to acute care, and 18.2% to continuing care, with significant variation across provinces (p &lt; 0.001). The proportion of discharge to rehabilitation ranged from 2.4% in British Columbia to 41.0% in Ontario while the proportion discharged home ranged from 20.3% in Prince Edward Island to 52.2% in British Columbia. The proportion of discharge to acute care ranged from 15.2% in Ontario to 58.8% in Saskatchewan while the proportion discharged to continuing care ranged from 9.3% in Manitoba and Prince Edward Island to 22.9% in New Brunswick. Adjusting for hospital type changed the direction of the provincial effect on discharge to continuing care in two provinces, but statistical significance remained consistent with the primary analysis.ConclusionsDischarge destination from the surgical hospital after hip fracture is highly variable across nine Canadian provinces. Further work is required to determine the impact of this heterogeneity on patient outcomes and health system costs

Hepatitis in Disseminated Bacillus Calmette-Guérin Infection

Local immunotherapy with an attenuated live strain of Mycobacterium bovis, bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), is an effective and frequently used treatment for in situ transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Success rates are high, and serious side effects are infrequent but can affect every organ system. A 79-year-old patient with recently diagnosed TCC who was treated with intravesical BCG for a recurrence after initial surgical treatment is reported. After unsuccessful attempts at bladder catheterization with the creation of a false passage for his third treatment, BCG was instilled via a suprapubic catheter the same day and again a week later. Two weeks after the third BCG instillation, the patient presented with profound lethargy and weakness to the point of not being able to get up out of a chair. He was febrile, anorexic, icteric and had hepatosplenomegaly. Disseminated BCG infection was suspected on the basis of history, clinical examination and a liver biopsy that showed noncaseating granulomatous hepatitis. Empirical treatment was started with antituberculous combination therapy. A short course of an oral corticosteroid was given. Clinical improvement was marked and sustained so that the patient could be discharged home for the full six-month course of his treatment. Disseminated BCG infection with granulomatous hepatitis can be severe and life-threatening in cases where a large intravascular inoculum of BCG may have been given inadvertently