Improvements in data transfer rates and energy efficiency through opportunistic relaying in residential power networks

In this research, we look at the feasibility of using half-duplex time-division relay protocols to enhance residential power line communication (PLC) networks in terms of data transfer rate, power consumption, and network reach. We consider a network in which source and destination nodes communicate using an opportunistic protocol in which the relay is used whenever possible in preference to direct transmission either (a) to improve the achievable rate subject to a power spectral density (PSD) mask constraint or (b) to reduce the power consumption subject to both the PSD mask and the rate target constraint. We look at both ODF and OAF, or opportunistic decode and forward and opportunistic amplify and forward. We presume that multi-carrier modulation is being used at the physical layer. To optimize the attainable rate or decrease the total transmitted power for both ODF and OAF, we determine the best resource allocation, meaning the optimal power and time slot allocation, between the source and the relay nodes under these conditions. We demonstrate that the combination issue of power and time slot allocation of DF is particularly difficult to solve, making it difficult to execute the power minimization challenge of ODF. For this reason, we offer a simpler approach that splits the original issue into two convex sub-problems. We demonstrate its near-optimal performance via numerical experiments. Finally, because over home PLC networks the relay can only be placed in outlets, in the main panel, or in derivation boxes, we also study the effect of relay position on performance for each opportunistic protocol. The employment of a statistically representative simulator allows for the utilization of both measured and simulated channel responses in the generation of results. They demonstrate how the placement of the relay and the scale of the network affect the achievable throughput and energy savings. Relay, Multi-carrier Modulation, Power Sharing, Power Line Communication, and Allocation of Limited Resources are some examples of Keywords

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

Background: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. Methods: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). Findings: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29–146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0– 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25–1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39–1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65–1·60]; p=0·92). Interpretation: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention

Effects of antiplatelet therapy after stroke due to intracerebral haemorrhage (RESTART): a randomised, open-label trial

BACKGROUND: Antiplatelet therapy reduces the risk of major vascular events for people with occlusive vascular disease, although it might increase the risk of intracranial haemorrhage. Patients surviving the commonest subtype of intracranial haemorrhage, intracerebral haemorrhage, are at risk of both haemorrhagic and occlusive vascular events, but whether antiplatelet therapy can be used safely is unclear. We aimed to estimate the relative and absolute effects of antiplatelet therapy on recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage and whether this risk might exceed any reduction of occlusive vascular events. METHODS: The REstart or STop Antithrombotics Randomised Trial (RESTART) was a prospective, randomised, open-label, blinded endpoint, parallel-group trial at 122 hospitals in the UK. We recruited adults (≥18 years) who were taking antithrombotic (antiplatelet or anticoagulant) therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage, discontinued antithrombotic therapy, and survived for 24 h. Computerised randomisation incorporating minimisation allocated participants (1:1) to start or avoid antiplatelet therapy. We followed participants for the primary outcome (recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage) for up to 5 years. We analysed data from all randomised participants using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusted for minimisation covariates. This trial is registered with ISRCTN (number ISRCTN71907627). FINDINGS: Between May 22, 2013, and May 31, 2018, 537 participants were recruited a median of 76 days (IQR 29-146) after intracerebral haemorrhage onset: 268 were assigned to start and 269 (one withdrew) to avoid antiplatelet therapy. Participants were followed for a median of 2·0 years (IQR [1·0- 3·0]; completeness 99·3%). 12 (4%) of 268 participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had recurrence of intracerebral haemorrhage compared with 23 (9%) of 268 participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (adjusted hazard ratio 0·51 [95% CI 0·25-1·03]; p=0·060). 18 (7%) participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy experienced major haemorrhagic events compared with 25 (9%) participants allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (0·71 [0·39-1·30]; p=0·27), and 39 [15%] participants allocated to antiplatelet therapy had major occlusive vascular events compared with 38 [14%] allocated to avoid antiplatelet therapy (1·02 [0·65-1·60]; p=0·92). INTERPRETATION: These results exclude all but a very modest increase in the risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy for patients on antithrombotic therapy for the prevention of occlusive vascular disease when they developed intracerebral haemorrhage. The risk of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage is probably too small to exceed the established benefits of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention. FUNDING: British Heart Foundation

A Married Woman’s Dilemma– A Study of Shashi Deshpande’s That Long Silence

Shashi Despandeis a creative post-colonial writer.She has wonderfully presented the problems,issues,and challenges of a middle-class married woman of modern India. In her novel ‘That Long Silence’ she has portrayed educated middle-class Indian women who get entangled in marriage and traditions.  Jaya is the name of the main character presented by Shashi Despande. Jaya gets married to Mohan who is an educated man working as an engineer in a company. Jaya and Mohan are married for seventeen years and have two children Rahul and Rati. Jaya is not happy in her married life due to the patriarchial role of her husband Mohan. But in these seventeen years,they do not grow close to one another in married life, rather a long silence grew between them.Jaya is in despair in a male-dominated family. Mohan is a man who plays a dominant and leading role in the family. Jaya is dependent on him as a married lady, wife, and mother.Mohan controls her personal and professional life decisions. He limits her freedom of writing and expression as a writer and wants Jaya to write according to his choice. This paper discusses the dilemmas of a married woman living in anguish and hopelessness. In her loneliness, Jaya goes through a self-evaluation of her life. It’s in this fragmented state of the trauma she realizes that her silence can not solve her marriage.So she decides to break her silence and speak with her husband Mohan with the hope to find a solution and restore their marriage

FACTORS THAT SATISFY THE USERS OF APP CABS IN A COVID STRICKEN NATION: AN INSIGHT INTO URBAN INDIA

The SARS Co V19 virus touched India in early 2020 and by March 20 the entire nation was in the process of observing a strict lockdown. The Covid 19 protocol in urban India came with a slew of restrictions on the citizens’ movement and traffic within cities. In May 2020, the lockdown was eased and the App Cab businesses of the Transportation Sector issued instructions to combat the pandemic while yet ferrying urban commuters efficiently, such as the compulsory sanitization of vehicle after each trip and a stringent check on the health records and hygiene levels of their drivers. In this paper, the 22- item multidimensional SERVQUAL instrument was used to generate an initial construct and Exploratory Factor Analysis revealed an underlying construct throwing light n the drivers of user satisfaction with relation to App Cab commute in Indian cities. KEY WORDS: Construct, Covid 19, Pandemic, App Cab, Customer Satisfaction, SERVQUAL</jats:p