Wave dynamics in a sunspot umbra

The high spatial and time resolution data obtained with SDO/AIA for the sunspot in active region NOAA 11131 on 08 December 2010 were analysed with the time-distance plot technique and the pixelised wavelet filtering method. Oscillations in the 3 min band dominate in the umbra. The integrated spectrum of umbral oscillations contains distinct narrowband peaks at 1.9 min, 2.3 min, and 2.8 min. The power significantly varies in time, forming distinct oscillation trains. The oscillation power distribution over the sunspot in the horizontal plane reveals that the enhancements of the oscillation amplitude, or wave fronts, have a distinct structure consisting of an evolving two-armed spiral and a stationary circular patch at the spiral origin, situated near the umbra centre. This structure is seen from the temperature minimum to the corona. In time, the spiral rotates anti-clockwise. The wave front spirality is most pronounced during the maximum amplitude phases of the oscillations. In the low-amplitude phases the spiral breaks into arc-shaped patches. The 2D cross-correlation function shows that the oscillations at higher atmospheric levels occur later than at lower layers. The phase speed is estimated to be about 100 km/s. The fine spectral analysis shows that the central patch corresponds to the high-frequency oscillations, while the spiral arms highlight the lower-frequency oscillations in the 3-min band. The vertical and horizontal radial structure of the oscillations is consistent with the model that interprets umbral oscillations as slow magnetoacoustic waves filtered by the atmospheric temperature non-uniformity in the presence of the magnetic field inclination from the vertical. The mechanism for the polar-angle structure of the oscillations, in particular the spirality of the wave fronts, needs to be revealed.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 201

Quantum uniqueness

In the classical world one can construct two identical systems which have identical behavior and give identical measurement results. We show this to be impossible in the quantum domain. We prove that after the same quantum measurement two different quantum systems cannot yield always identical results, provided the possible measurement results belong to a non orthogonal set. This is interpreted as quantum uniqueness - a quantum feature which has no classical analog. Its tight relation with objective randomness of quantum measurements is discussed.Comment: Presented at 4th Feynman festival, June 22-26, 2009, in Olomouc, Czech Republic

Relationship between wave processes in sunspots and quasi-periodic pulsations in active region flares

A phenomenological relationship between oscillations in a sunspot and quasi-periodic pulsations (QPP) in flaring energy releases at an active region (AR) above the sunspot is established. The analysis of the microwave emission recorded by the Nobeyama Radioheliograph at 17 GHz shows a gradual increase in the power of the 3-min oscillation train in the sunspot associated with AR 10756 before flares in this AR. The flaring light curves are found to be bursty with a period of 3 min. Our analysis of the spatial distribution of the 3-min oscillation power implies that the oscillations follow from sunspots along coronal loops towards the flaring site. It is proposed that QPP in the flaring energy releases can be triggered by 3-min slow magnetoacoustic waves leaking from sunspots

Cell reactions of inflammation focus in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation on the background of substance P blockade

The aim of the study was to determine the features of cellular reactions of the inflammatory focus in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation against the background of blockade of substance P. Experimental prospective controlled randomized study was performed on 132 WAG rats in series of 6 animals in each series: in control and for 6 hours; 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days in the conditions of the natural course of carrageenan inflammation and with the use of a pharmacological preparation, aprepitant – an inhibitor of NK-1 receptors. During the observation period of 6 hours to 3 days, neutrophilic, basophilic and eosinophilic leukocytes accumulate (phase of exudation of the inflammatory process). Peaks of neutrophils and basophils occur on day 2 (neutrophils – in the central parts of the inflammatory focus, basophils – in both areas, in the center and on the periphery) with a small predominance of the number of cells in the peripheral parts. The peak number of eosinophils occurs on day 1 and with a slight decrease on day 2 with their predominant location in peripheral areas. From 3–5 days the cellular composition of the infiltrate was characterized by a predominance of lymphocytes, monocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, tissue basophils, cells of the fibroblastic series, which during blockade of substance P in a single amount appear for 2 days, predominate in peripheral areas (phases of proliferation and organization)

Dynamics of C-reactive protein in conditions of substance P block

With the aim to determine the features of the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation on the background of blockade of substance P an experimental prospective controlled randomized study was performed on 132 WAG rats in series of 6 rats each in the natural course and using a pharmacological aprepitant praparation – inhibitor of NK-1R in the control and simulated inflammation series for 6 hours, as well as 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28 days. the peculiarities of the concentration of C-reactive protein in the blood in carrageenan secondary chronic inflammation on the background of blockade of substance P have been developed

Coherent State Quantum Key Distribution with Multi Letter Phase-Shift Keying

We present a protocol for quantum key distribution using discrete modulation of coherent states of light. Information is encoded in the variable phase of coherent states which can be chosen from a regular discrete set ranging from binary to continuous modulation, similar to phase-shift-keying in classical communication. Information is decoded by simultaneous homodyne measurement of both quadratures and requires no active choice of basis. The protocol utilizes either direct or reverse reconciliation, both with and without postselection. We analyze the security of the protocol and show how to enhance it by the optimal choice of all variable parameters of the quantum signal.Comment: 11 pages, 2 figures, 1 table. Comments welcom

ОБЛІКОВО-АНАЛІТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ФІНАНСОВИХ РЕЗУЛЬТАТІВ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЧИХ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ

The article is devoted to the study of methodology and organization of accounting and analytical support of financial results for the production enterprises in Ukraine. Principles and functions of accounting and analytical support, compliance with which contributes to the reliability, timeliness and completeness of such information format are generalized. Methodical approaches to management accounting and management analysis, factors of formation of the necessary level of detailing for management information, its compliance with the management’s specific requests are disclosed. Modern information technologies for processing and transmitting accounting and analytical data that based on a wide range of input flows and the variability of management requirements with a view to achieving the effectiveness of socio-economic and environmental trends of economic activity are considered. The organizational approaches to the processing and transmission of such information with using modern information technology which enable us to ensure the usefulness of disclosure in the work of accounting and analytical support of financial results of the activities for manufacturing enterprises are proposed.Статья посвящена изучению методики и организации учетно-аналитического обеспечения финансовых результатов для производственных предприятий Украины. Обобщены принципы и функции учетно-аналитического обеспечения, соблюдение которых способствует достижению достоверности, оперативности и полноты такого информационного формата. Раскрыты методические подходы к управленческому учету и управленческому анализу, факторы формирования необходимого уровня детализации управленческой информации, ее соответствия целевым запросам менеджмента. Рассмотрены современные информационные технологии обработки и передачи учетно-аналитических данных на основе широкого спектра входных потоков и вариативности требований управленцев с целью достижения результативности социально-экономического и экологического направлений хозяйственной деятельности.Стаття присвячена вивченню методики та організації обліково-аналітичного забезпечення фінансових результатів для виробничих підприємств України. Узагальнено принципи та функції обліково-аналітичного забезпечення, дотримання яких сприяє досягненню достовірності, оперативності та повноти такого інформаційного формату. Розкрито методичні підходи до управлінського обліку та управлінського аналізу, фактори формування необхідного рівня деталізації управлінської інформації, ї відповідності цільовим запитам менеджменту. Розглянуто сучасні інформаційні технології обробки та передачі обліково-аналітичних даних з урахуванням широкого спектру вхідних потоків та варіативності вимог управлінців, що уможливлює досягнення результативності соціально-економічного та екологічного напрямків господарської діяльності

ЕКСПЕРТНЕ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ТРИЦИКЛІЧНИХ АНТИДЕПРЕСАНТІВ

Consideration is given to the methods of examining the tricyclic antidepressants (tianeptine, amitriptyline, imipramine, doxepin, clomipramine). We selected the most sensitive reagents allowing to differentiate and identify these medicines; carried out their examinations by thin-layer chromatography; selected the organic solvent systems and obtained chromatographic characteristics. The IR spectroscopy method was used to determine the main absorption bands typical for medicinal substances under examination.Розглянуто методи дослідження трициклічних антидепресантів (тіанептину, амітриптиліну, іміпраміну, доксепіну, кломіпраміну). Підібрано найбільш чутливі реактиви, що дозволяють диференціювати та ідентифікувати зазначені лікарські засоби. Проведено їх дослідження методом тонкошарової хроматографії, підібрано системи органічних розчинників і отримано хроматографічні характеристики. Методом ІЧ-спектроскопії визначено основні смуги поглинання, характерні для лікарських речовин, що досліджувалися

Theory and Applications of Non-Relativistic and Relativistic Turbulent Reconnection

Realistic astrophysical environments are turbulent due to the extremely high Reynolds numbers. Therefore, the theories of reconnection intended for describing astrophysical reconnection should not ignore the effects of turbulence on magnetic reconnection. Turbulence is known to change the nature of many physical processes dramatically and in this review we claim that magnetic reconnection is not an exception. We stress that not only astrophysical turbulence is ubiquitous, but also magnetic reconnection itself induces turbulence. Thus turbulence must be accounted for in any realistic astrophysical reconnection setup. We argue that due to the similarities of MHD turbulence in relativistic and non-relativistic cases the theory of magnetic reconnection developed for the non-relativistic case can be extended to the relativistic case and we provide numerical simulations that support this conjecture. We also provide quantitative comparisons of the theoretical predictions and results of numerical experiments, including the situations when turbulent reconnection is self-driven, i.e. the turbulence in the system is generated by the reconnection process itself. We show how turbulent reconnection entails the violation of magnetic flux freezing, the conclusion that has really far reaching consequences for many realistically turbulent astrophysical environments. In addition, we consider observational testing of turbulent reconnection as well as numerous implications of the theory. The former includes the Sun and solar wind reconnection, while the latter include the process of reconnection diffusion induced by turbulent reconnection, the acceleration of energetic particles, bursts of turbulent reconnection related to black hole sources as well as gamma ray bursts. Finally, we explain why turbulent reconnection cannot be explained by turbulent resistivity or derived through the mean field approach.Comment: 66 pages, 24 figures, a chapter of the book "Magnetic Reconnection - Concepts and Applications", editors W. Gonzalez, E. N. Parke