Household Decision-making under Threat of Violence: A Micro Level Study in the Chittagong Hill Tracts of Bangladesh

We analyze rural household livelihood and children’s educational investment decisions in a post-conflict setting located in the Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh. The study represents a contribution to the microeconomic analysis of conflict. Another innovation of the paper lies in the fact that we employ information about subjective perceptions of violent experiences, which is in turn used to explain household economic decision making. Heightened subjective perceptions of violence lower consumption expenditure, but it can raise land use intensity, and more risky mixed crop cultivation. In some case experiences of displacement and other violence raises the likelihood of households sending children to school. This indicates that a specific postconflict ‘phoenix’ factor may be in operation, even without substantial infrastructure reconstruction. Also, the trauma emanating from actual past experiences combined with current high perceptions of risk of violence after an imperfect accord ending a lowintensity conflict may make people bolder and more risk taking in order to enhance their long-term future. We, therefore, also make a contribution to the literature on a non-linear relationship between violence and the temporal patterning of livelihood decision-making.

Implikasi Inflasi dan Kadar Pertukaran Asing Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Bagi Negara Malaysia, Brunei, Singapura, dan Indonesia.

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dan membincangkan beberapa objektif penting di antaranya untuk mengetahui Implikasi kadar inflasi dan kadar pertukaran asing terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi bagi negara Malaysia, Brunei, Singapura, dan Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat secara empirik pengaruh kenaikan harga iaitu inflasi dan kadar pertukaran asing terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Kajian ini menggunakan data tahunan dari 1980-2013. Ia melibatkan pembolehubah bersandar iaitu Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK) dan dua pembolehubah tidak bersandar iaitu inflasi,dan kadar pertukaran asing. Menariknya dapatan kajian mendapati implikasi inflasi dan kadar pertukaran asing terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi berbeza di sesetengah negara membuktikan secara statistik wujudnya hubungan antara inflasi dan kadar pertukaran asing bagi sesetengah negara dan tidak bagi sesetengah negara

A novel intermittent fault detection algorithm and health monitoring for electronic interconnections

There are various occurrences and root causes that result in no-fault-found (NFF) events but an intermittent fault (IF) is the most frustrating. This paper describes the challenging and most important area of an IF detection and health monitoring that focuses toward NFF situation in electronics interconnections. The experimental work focuses on mechanically-induced intermittent conditions in connectors. This paper illustrates a test regime, which can be used to repeatedly reproduce intermittence in electronic connectors, while subjected to vibration. A novel algorithm is used to detect an IF in interconnection. It sends a sine wave and decodes the received signal for intermittent information from the channel. This algorithm has been simulated to capture an IF signature using PSpice (electronic circuit simulation software). A simulated circuit is implemented for practical verification. However, measurements are presented using an oscilloscope. The results of this experiment provide an insight into the limitations of existing test equipment and requirements for future IF detection techniques. Aside from scheduled maintenance, this paper considers the possibility for in-service intermittent detection to be built into future systems, i.e., can IFs be captured without external test gear