鉄筋腐食によるひび割れを有する鉄筋コンクリート部材の付着劣化に関する研究

筑波大学University of Tsukuba博士（工学）Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering2022doctoral thesi

Edgärdsprocessen - från bondedemokrati till överhetsjustis.

Det här arbetet syftar till att redogöra för utvecklingen av edgärdsmanna-processen i Sverige. Denna gamla processform byggde på formell bevisteori, där endera part styrkte sina processanspråk genom att gå ed, ensam eller i förening med edgärdsmän. Edgärdsmännens funktion var att genom sin ed intyga riktigheten av huvudmannens ed. Edens helgd fungerade alltså som den enda garanten för sanningen i målet. Institutets uppkomst kan inte knytas till något speciellt årtal men bruket av edgärdsmän är etablerad vid de svenska landskapslagarnas tillkomst. Under tidig medeltid var edgärdsprocessen med sin formella bevisprövning den förhärskande processformen. Över tid kom den formella bevisprövningen att ersättas med materiell dito. I takt med denna utveckling vann nämndprocessen ökat insteg på bekostnad av edgärden. Mitt arbete kommer huvudsakligen att behandla varför institutet uppkom och varför det avskaffades. Edgärdsprocessen avskaffas formellt 1695 men hela 1600-talet är en tid av kraftig förändring på den svenska juridikens område. Den judiciella revolutionen och centralmaktens konsolidering i Sverige är två faktorer som medför att tyngdpunkten i arbetet är förlagt till 1600-talet. Mitt mål med arbetet har varit att analysera edgärdens utveckling över tid och därför har jag använt mig av ett rättsutvecklingsperspektiv. Jag har vidare försökt tydliggöra de bakomliggande strukturer och idéströmningar som påverkat institutet och i arbetet använt mig av rättshistorisk metod.With this essay I aim at describing the development of the use of oath-helpers in the Swedish judicial procedure. The old procedural code was based on a formal evaluation of evidence, wherein either party strenghtened his claim by undertaking an oath, alone or with oath helpers. The primary function of the oath helper was -by the taking of oath- to validate the testimony of their principal. Consequently the sanctity of the oath constituted the sole warrant for the truth in the case before hand. The origin of the oath-helpers procedure cannot be tied to any particular year but the system was well established by the enactment of the early Swedish provincial laws. During the early Middle Ages the use of oath-helpers and its formal evidence was the predominant procedural code. Subsequently the formal evaluation of evidence came to be replaced by a material evaluation. Throughout time the use of a panel increased at the expense of the oath helpers. The essay will deal mainly with why the insititute of oath helpers arose and why it fell out of use. The use of oath helpers was formally abolished by a royal decree in 1695, nonetheless the entire 17th century had been a time of stern change as regards the Swedish judicial system. The so called judicial revolution and the consolidation of the Swedish centralpower are two factors that makes the 17th century of particular interest in this essay. My aim of work has been to analyse the development of oath helpers in Sweden from a legal perspective. Furthermore I have tried to set forth the underlying legal structures and ideologies that influenced the old procedural code. In my work I have relied upon a legal historical method

Bond strength degradation in concrete cracked by expansion agent filled pipes

journal articl

The Elusive Rentier Rich: Piketty's Data Battles and the Power of Absent Evidence

The popularity of Thomas Piketty?s research on wealth inequality has drawn attention to a curious question: why was widening wealth inequality largely neglected by mainstream economists in recent decades? To explore and explain that neglect, I draw on the writing of the early neoclassical economist John Bates Clark, who introduced the notion of the marginal productivity of income distribution at the end of the nineteenth century. I then turn to Piketty?s Capital in order to analyze the salience of marginal productivity theories of income today. I suggest that most of the criticism and praise for Piketty?s research is focused on data that are accessible and measurable, obscuring attention to questions over whether current methods for measuring economic capital are defensible or not. My overarching aim is to explore how ?absent? data in economics as a whole help to reinforce blind spots within mainstream economic theory

鉄筋腐食によるひび割れを有する鉄筋コンクリート部材の付着劣化に関する研究

筑波大学University of Tsukuba博士（工学）Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering2022【要旨】thesi

Irrigation infrastructure and satellite-measured land cultivation impacts: Evidence from the Senegal river valley

Expanding irrigation in sub-Saharan Africa is widely viewed as a promising strategy for closing yield gaps and enhancing resilience to climate change. Drawing on more than 3,000 satellite images over a 30-year period, we examine the impact of irrigation infrastructure development in the Senegal River Valley. We find that cultivation rates increase substantially following irrigation project completion. Cultivation rates are remarkably stable at around 25 percentage points above pre-irrigation levels for the first 20 years, and trend even higher from years 20 to 25. Moreover, we show that crops cultivated on irrigated land are significantly less sensitive to both positive and negative temperature shocks, underscoring the role of irrigation in climate adaptation. Despite these aggregate gains, we document considerable heterogeneity in project outcomes, with intermittent land use remaining widespread. To shed light on these patterns, we complement the satellite analysis with farmer survey data, which point to persistent water access constraints as a key barrier to continuous cultivation—constraints that cannot be resolved solely through individual farmer action

Safety, Immunogenicity and Efficacy of Prime-Boost Vaccination with ChAd63 and MVA Encoding ME-TRAP against Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Adults in Senegal.

Malaria transmission is in decline in some parts of Africa, partly due to the scaling up of control measures. If the goal of elimination is to be achieved, additional control measures including an effective and durable vaccine will be required. Studies utilising the prime-boost approach to deliver viral vectors encoding the pre-erythrocytic antigen ME-TRAP (multiple epitope thrombospondin-related adhesion protein) have shown promising safety, immunogenicity and efficacy in sporozoite challenge studies. More recently, a study in Kenyan adults, similar to that reported here, showed substantial efficacy against P. falciparum infection. One hundred and twenty healthy male volunteers, living in a malaria endemic area of Senegal were randomised to receive either the Chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd63) ME-TRAP as prime vaccination, followed eight weeks later by modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) also encoding ME-TRAP as booster, or two doses of anti-rabies vaccine as a comparator. Prior to follow-up, antimalarials were administered to clear parasitaemia and then participants were monitored by PCR for malaria infection for eight weeks. The primary endpoint was time-to-infection with P. falciparum malaria, determined by two consecutive positive PCR results. Secondary endpoints included adverse event reporting, measures of cellular and humoral immunogenicity and a meta-analysis of combined vaccine efficacy with the parallel study in Kenyan adults.We show that this pre-erythrocytic malaria vaccine is safe and induces significant immunogenicity, with a peak T-cell response at seven days after boosting of 932 Spot Forming Cells (SFC)/106 Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells(PBMC) compared to 57 SFC/ 106 PBMCs in the control group. However, a vaccine efficacy was not observed: 12 of 57 ME-TRAP vaccinees became PCR positive during the intensive monitoring period as compared to 13 of the 58 controls (P = 0.80). This trial confirms that vaccine efficacy against malaria infection in adults may be rapidly assessed using this efficient and cost-effective clinical trial design. Further efficacy evaluation of this vectored candidate vaccine approach in other malaria transmission settings and age-de-escalation into the main target age groups for a malaria vaccine is in progress