Local tectonic stress regime in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin using primary geodetic data

Many papers have been devoted to the problematic tectonic stress regime of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB), particularly relating to the interrelation between the tremors triggered by mining activity and the natural seismicity in the rock mass. This problem is analysed here on the basis of geodetic data in light of the tectonic setting. The author determined the horizontal strain regime in the USCB area with the application of triangular arrays that are formed by a network of GPS/GNSS stations. The primary geodetic data used in this research are the coordinates recorded in time by the stations. They enabled the calculation of the easting and northing components of displacement velocity vector and their errors. 16 permanently installed GPS/GNSS stations are located into the study area and this set led to the construction of 23 different triangles, while the centroid of each triangle was extracted. For each centroid, the deformation parameters were determined: maximal horizontal extension, azimuth of maximal horizontal extension, minimal horizontal extension, maximal shear strain, and area strain. These results were applied to estimate the spatial distributions of the parameters. The distributions reveal that the central part of the study area (the Upper Silesian Trough) is under compression, and is surrounded by extension zones. In general, the distributions of strain estimates correspond to the tectonic pattern of the area. These findings provide a different perspective on former studies on tectonic stress by geological surveys and tectonic influence on seismicity in the USCB area. They confirm earlier assumptions about the occurrence of tectonic stress in the studied area. The determined deformation parameters and their spatial distribution provide an explanation for the occurrence of high-energy tremors in the USCB area

Polskie źródła „wielojęzyczności" Joyce 'a w Finnegans Wake

One of the most neglected sources of Joyce's 'multilingualism' in Finnegans Wake is the Polish romantic movement. The article compares Polish elements in Finnegans Wake to a vocabulary in severa! poems (Mickiewicz's Pan Tadeusz and Sonety krymskie, Juliusz Słowacki's Król Duch). Joyce's aposteriorism in Finnegans Wake results from his resistance to the arbitrary character of linguistic signs. Multilingualism creates a need to search for new contexts (Szczerbowski 2000)

Wyspy Hawajskie: język i tradycja

Monografi

O przekładzie kreatywnym (malajski pantun)

The subject of the present analysis is the creativity of translation within the translation of Malay pantun – a poetic form which has aroused considerable fascination on the part of Western researchers for several centuries. For pantun is something more than merely a four-line verse with an abab rhyme; an exemplification of the present thesis being two examples of pantun in the translation of Robert Stiller.creative translation, Malay pantun, Robert Stille

Energy and economic analysis of the use of photovoltaic in energy systems

Energy policy of Poland in a balanced way has to provide security of energy supply, increase the use of its own resources and promote the sustainable development of different electricity generation technologies. The established aims of climate and energy policy will be difficult to achieve without efficient technologies based on distributed generation. In this context, the importance of the development and use of photovoltaic systems is growing. Photovoltaics is one of the most promising technologies and the possibilities of its use in various scale energy systems make it an effective and safe source of energy and an important part of a stable and independent energy mix in the future

Styl i stylizacja językowa według Krystyny Pisarkowej

Krystyna Pisarkowa expressed her academic interest in stylistics directly or indirectly in the titles of her numerous publications. Her merit is drawing attention to the treatment of the word style in colloquial language as an evaluating predicate (for example, in great/grand/fine, etc. style). In turn, she called Umberto Eco’s book, “The Name of the Rose”, a novel about the truth of signs. Krystyna Pisarkowa considered deviations from language norms and semantic shifts to be a creative way of searching for truth in signs themselves. Archaisation in Sławomir Mrożek’s work is – in her opinion – “a deliberate anachronism, a dissonance, a deformation of uses and meanings, which exposes untruth, the falsity of characters, the ugliness of banality, the ridiculousness and deadness of a pattern and template.” In her publications, she emphasised that “intention is the core of every act of communication, hence it should be discovered and that suffices.” Krystyna Pisarkowa’s research combines pragmatics with style. Her works are an invaluable lesson in style and interpretatio

Professor Adam Heinz As The Unforgotten Teacher Of Several Generations Of Linguists

Adam Heinz (1914–1984) was an academic whose field of study encompassed – to use the term employed by Walter Porzig (1950) – das Wunder der Sprache (the wonder that is language). His most extensive work entitled Dzieje językoznawstwa w zarysie (An outline of the history of linguistics) has, despite its 36 years, still maintained its popularity amongst linguists. Adam Heinz as one of the most eminent Polish structuralist was to remain critical in relation to both formal and functional structuralism. In subscribing to linguistic autonomy he would quote Wittgenstein’s words Die Grenzen meiner Sprache bedeuten die Grenzen meiner Welt (The limits of my language means the limits of my world.). His academic output is a long way from the tiresome monotony of immanent structuralism; for he grasped as if en passent the difference between lies (deceit) and Newspeak. Professor Adam Heinz, in referencing painting, unofficially divided linguists into miniaturists, landscapists and abstractionists. He himself was an extraordinary miniaturist and landscapist

Kulturowe uwarunkowania przekładu biblijnego

The paper analyzes several fragments of the Bible (Luke 17, 371 Luke 11,31 Luke 21, 14) in 12 languages (Greek, Old Church Slavonic, Russian, Polish, Czech, English, Ger[1]man, French, Italian, Spanish, Kiriwina). The Greek word for ‘eagle (Luke 17, 37) is replaced in many languages by ‘vulture’, e.g. Wherever there is a dead body, the vultures will gather (Today’s English Version). The reason is that eagle’ cannot appear in a negative context when its semantic connotation is positive. If there is no name for hyponyms ‘eagle’ and ‘vulture’, translators choose a hyperonym 'big bird’, an example being the Kiriwina mluveka. Hyperonymic translation is also characteristic of Luke 11, 3. Cf. Give us day by day the food we need (Today's English Version) and Give us each day our daily bread (The New English Bible). The reason for the change is that many people (even in Europe!) pre[1]fer Miisli, cereal, popcorn, pizza, cheeseburger, hamburger, chips etc. to bread. The English make up your mind (Luke 21, 14) contains the word mind, but the Greek original word is KapSloc ‘heart’. The users of exotic languages mention a different word, such as stomach or ‘belly’ in Kiriwina. Many contemporary translators do not use idio[1]matic expression, cf. the French Soyez d

Estudo da reatividade de 2-aril-sulfóxido-2-oxazolinas

Orientador : Prof. Dr. Alfredo Ricardo Marques de OliveiraDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Exatas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química. Defesa: Curitiba, 26/08/2011Inclui referências : f. 44-48Área de concentração: Química orgânicaResumo: Neste trabalho, são apresentados resultados de estudos da reatividade de sulfóxidos na posição ? oxazolina, visando a síntese de lactonas bioativas. Inicialmente foi feita a síntese de sulfóxidos racêmicos, visando a separação de seus diasteroisômeros. Porém devido à baixos rendimentos e produtos de hidrólise, outra metodologia foi abordada. A oxazolina funcionalizada pelo sulfóxido quiral foi preparada à partir da metodologia de Andersen, onde foi feita uma reação de substituição no átomo de enxofre obtendo o produto com inversão no sulfóxido. O ânion de zinco gerado dessa oxazolina foi adicionado ao (R)-ciclohexilideno-2-3-gliceraldeído para estudo da seletividade promovida pelo sulfóxido quiral. A estereoquímica das lactonas obtidas permitiu a atribuição do modelo para o estado de transição da adição.Abstract: In this work, it is described the study of the reactivity of the sulfoxide group ? to oxazoline, aiming the synthesis of bioactive lactones. Initially the sulfoxides were synthesized in the racemic form, looking for the separation of the diastereisomers. However, due to low yelds and hydrolysis subproducts, another methodology was used. The oxazoline bearing a chiral sulfoxide was synthesized using a method developed by Andersen, were the substitution on the sulfur atom afforded a product with inverted stereochemistry on the atom of sulfur. The zinc anion generated from this oxazolina was added to the (R)-ciclohexilidene-2,3-gliceraldehyde for the study of the selectivity or asymmetric indution promoted by the chiral sulfoxide group. The stereochemistry of the lactones allowed to attribute the mechanistic pathway of the addition