Literatura jako mit i hipertekst w powieści „Bieskoniecznyj tupik” Dmitrija Gałkowskiego (próba rekonstrukcji koncepcji historiozoficznych)

This article is devoted to reconstruction of the historiosophical concept in Dmitry Galkovsky's novel The Infinite Deadlock (Бесконечный тупик). The author pays particular attention to the criteria of historiosophy: mythologism, ambivalence of consciousness, hesychast tradition, eidetic language, a universal man (absolute personality). He highlights the demythological factor in Galkovsky's creative work, its cultural and national nihilism. The author analyzes the image of the main character's identity, who is capable of identifying himself, who is humiliated or ingenious. In passing, the author considers the idea of common history in which the eras which dialectically deny each other's coexistence.This article is devoted to reconstruction of the historiosophical concept in Dmitry Galkovsky's novel The Infinite Deadlock (Бесконечный тупик). The author pays particular attention to the criteria of historiosophy: mythologism, ambivalence of consciousness, hesychast tradition, eidetic language, a universal man (absolute personality). He highlights the demythological factor in Galkovsky's creative work, its cultural and national nihilism. The author analyzes the image of the main character's identity, who is capable of identifying himself, who is humiliated or ingenious. In passing, the author considers the idea of common history in which the eras which dialectically deny each other's coexistence

Образ мирового человека в романе Алексея Иванова „Географ глобус пропил"

The article is devoted to a research of archaic models in Alexei Ivanov’s creativity. On the material of the novel entitled Geographer has spent on drink the globe(Geograf globus propil) the images and motifs of rescue, as well as the archaic image of rescue described in Vardan Hayrapetyan’s hermeneutics are revealed. In the center of a research is the main character, another example of an archetype of the Russian literature — the little person. In particular, his uncommon abilities to understand, to decode and interpret are emphasized. The attention is also paid to the hermeneutical model of the communication consisting of three instances: speaking (nature), the listener (who is willfully understanding the pupil) and the interpreter (the teacher) whose efforts supplement the anthropomorphous model of unity — the all-man, the one-man (mirovoj chelovek)

Levelling the Playing Field: the FDA's Regulation of Nicotine Dependence Products

There is a great need for the increased development and use of nicotine dependence products (NDPs) in this country. A creative regulatory approach, such as the FDA brought to tobacco regulation, could do an enormous amount of good. In the field of NDPs, as in every area of drug regulation, a new regulatory approach will bring with it costs and benefits. As our knowledge advances, the FDA should not be slow to adopt the same aggressive yet flexible approach to NDPs that it has adopted towards tobacco. It should be a short-term goal for the FDA to ensure that “each decision to smoke should present an equal opportunity not to smoke and an equal opportunity to get help.â&euro

ChIP-exo interrogation of Crp, DNA, and RNAP holoenzyme interactions

Numerous in vitro studies have yielded a refined picture of the structural and molecular associations between Cyclic-AMP receptor protein (Crp), the DNA motif, and RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme. In this study, high-resolution ChIP-exonuclease (ChIP-exo) was applied to study Crp binding in vivo and at genome-scale. Surprisingly, Crp was found to provide little to no protection of the DNA motif under activating conditions. Instead, Crp demonstrated binding patterns that closely resembled those generated by σ70. The binding patterns of both Crp and σ70 are indicative of RNAP holoenzyme DNA footprinting profiles associated with stages during transcription initiation that occur post-recruitment. This is marked by a pronounced advancement of the template strand footprint profile to the +20 position relative to the transcription start site and a multimodal distribution on the nontemplate strand. This trend was also observed in the familial transcription factor, Fnr, but full protection of the motif was seen in the repressor ArcA. Given the time-scale of ChIP studies and that the rate-limiting step in transcription initiation is typically post recruitment, we propose a hypothesis where Crp is absent from the DNA motif but remains associated with RNAP holoenzyme post-recruitment during transcription initiation. The release of Crp from the DNA motif may be a result of energetic changes that occur as RNAP holoenzyme traverses the various stable intermediates towards elongation complex formation