Structural elucidation for triorganotin derivatives of 3-amino, 4-amino and 3,5-diaminobenzoate. Crystal structures of triphenyltin 4-aminobenzoate and trimethyl and triphenyltin 3,5-diaminobenzoate

Synthesis and structural investigation of trimethyl and triphenyltin esters of the 3-, 4-amino and 3,5-diaminobenzoic acids are reported as a reinvestigation of their local and overall molecular structure based on crystal structure determinations and on correlation of solid state vibrational and -emission spectroscopic evidence. Evidence is provided for the existence of more than one tin environment and therefore different carboxylate coordination modes in the compounds.Journal of Coordination Chemistr

Management of Large Retroperitoneal Lipoma in a 12-Year-Old Patient

Retroperitoneal lipomas are rare tumors. The etiology of their proliferation is uncertain. Metabolic and genetic causes have been reported. We present the case of a 12-year-old patient with a large pelvic lipoma causing dysuria and pelvic pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed the existence of a large retroperitoneal fat tumor. Ultrasound-guided fine needle biopsy was performed to exclude malignancy. The biopsy specimen revealed tissue consistent with a benign lipoma tumor. Exploratory laparotomy revealed a solid lipoma of the retroperitoneal space 8 × 6 cm and weighing 300 g. The patient had a good postoperative performance status. Lipomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a solid tumor in the retroperitoneal space. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Precise measurement of steep residual strain gradients using neutron diffraction in strongly absorbing materials with chemical compositional gradients

A round robin benchmark weldment, denoted TG6, from the European Network on Neutron Techniques Standardization for Structural Integrity (NeT), offers the ability to test the technique of residual stress determination using neutron diffraction to an extreme. This test component comprises a 200 mm by 150 mm by 12 mm rectangular base plate made from Inconel 600 with three passes of Alloy 82 weld metal deposited in a slot of length 76 mm. This not only has large grain issues in the weld region but a large interplanar spacing variation caused by high strain gradients and a change in material composition. Because of the high absorption of neutrons in the Inconel 600 within the gauge volume, there is a large difference between the instrumental gauge volume IGV (which is the volume of space defined by the neutron beam paths through the defining apertures, taking into account properties of the beam) compared with the sampled gauge volume SGV (which is the intersection of the IGV with the sample that takes into account the absorption of the neutrons). The relative shift in position of the center of gravity of measurement (when the gauge volume is fully immersed in the sample) has been observed to be significant, for example, ∼0.3 mm, using 1 by 1 by 5 mm3 defining optics (where 5 mm is the gauge volume height) and increases approximately proportionally with larger gauge volumes dimensions in the horizontal plane. The magnitude of this shift depends upon many parameters. Measuring the sample and rotating 180° and measuring again, taking the average is another way one can eliminate this absorption effect. This novel approach is compared with three neutrons instruments on the same sample

Long-term prognosis of acute kidney injury after first acute stroke

Background and objectives: Acute kidney injury (AKI) has been associated with increased mortality in a variety of clinical settings. We studied the incidence, predictors, and effect of AKI on long-term overall mortality and cardiovascular events after stroke. Design, setting, participants, & measurements: This was a prospective outcome study of 2155 patients who sustained an acute first-ever stroke and were followed for 10 yr. Patients were divided in two groups: (1) Those with an acute increase (over 48 h) in serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dl or a percentage increase of ≥50% and (2) those with a change <0.3 mg/dl, no change at all, or even a reduction. Results: Twenty-seven percent of patients developed AKI after acute stroke. Stroke severity, baseline estimated GFR, heart failure, and stroke subtype predict the occurrence of AKI. The probability of 10-yr mortality for patients with AKI was 75.9 and 57.7 in the patients without AKI (log rank test 45.0; P = 0.001). When patients with AKI were subdivided into three groups according to AKI severity, the probability of 10-yr mortality increased: 73.7, 86.5, and 89.2 in stages 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In Cox proportional hazard analysis, AKI was an independent predictor of 10-yr mortality (P < 0.01) and for the occurrence of new composite cardiovascular events (P < 0.05) after adjustment for available confounding variables. Conclusions: AKI after stroke is a powerful and independent predictor of 10-yr mortality and new composite cardiovascular events. Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Nephrology