Periodontal conditions, oral Candida albicans and salivary proteins in type 2 diabetic subjects with emphasis on gender

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The association between periodontal conditions, oral yeast colonisation and salivary proteins in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not yet documented. The present study aimed to assess the relationship between these variables in type 2 diabetic subjects with reference to gender.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Fifty-eight type 2 diabetic subjects (23 males and 35 females) with random blood glucose level ≥ 11.1 mmol/L were investigated. Periodontal conditions (plaque index [PI], bleeding on probing [BOP], probing pocket depth [PD] (4 to 6 mm and ≥ 6 mm), oral yeasts, salivary immunoglobulin (Ig) A, IgG and total protein concentrations, and number of present teeth were determined.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Periodontal conditions (PI [<it>p </it>< 0.00001], BOP [<it>p </it>< 0.01] and PD of 4 to 6 mm [<it>p </it>< 0.001], salivary IgG (μg)/mg protein (<it>p </it>< 0.001) and salivary total protein concentrations (<it>p </it>< 0.05) were higher in type 2 diabetic females with <it>Candida albicans </it>(<it>C. albicans</it>) colonisation compared to males in the same group. Type 2 diabetic females with <it>C. albicans </it>colonisation had more teeth compared to males in the same group (<it>p </it>< 0.0001).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Clinical and salivary parameters of periodontal inflammation (BOP and IgG (μg)/mg protein) were higher in type 2 diabetic females with oral <it>C. albicans </it>colonisation compared to males in the same group. Further studies are warranted to evaluate the association of gender with these variables in subjects with T2D.</p

Interactions in l-histidine/l-glutamic acid/l-tryptophan/glycylglycine +2 mol L-1 aqueous KCl/KNO3 systems at different temperatures: An isothermal compressibility study

10.1016/j.tca.2012.06.006Measured values of ultrasonic velocity and density have been used to calculate the isothermal compressibilities (? T) of l-histidine/l-glutamic acid/l-tryptophan/glycylglycine + 2 mol L -1 aqueous KCl/KNO 3 systems as a function of amino acid/di-peptide molal concentration and at temperatures in the range of 298.15-323.15 K. The trends of variations of ? T, on successive addition of amino acid/di-peptide amount to solutions and on increase in temperature have been discussed in terms of solute-solute and solute-solvent interactions operative in the studied systems as well as difference in interactions with KCl/KNO 3 at same concentration have been show

Assessment and management of adult patients with an acute asthma exacerbation during the COVID-19 pandemic

According to the most recent national data from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), asthma is a chronic respiratory disease that affects approximately 8%–9% of the U.S. population and roughly 300 million worldwide. CDC data from 2019 shows 3524 deaths from asthma as the underlying cause. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it has been challenging for healthcare providers to treat asthma exacerbations due to similarities in symptom presentation. Due to the high transmission rate of COVID-19, and variation in symptoms, many primary care providers have integrated telemedicine to deliver care. Utilizing telemedicine in the clinical setting integrates social distancing, reducing the exposure and transmission rate of COVID-19 while offering patients the ability to be examined. Although telemedicine can provide care for patients in remote areas, decrease travel time and deliver care for patients with COVID-19 symptoms, many healthcare providers and patients have not had much experience with this type of technology. The purpose of this article is to provide a framework that primary care providers can use to effectively screen, evaluate and treat patients with acute asthma exacerbations during the COVID-19 pandemic.</jats:p

Investigating the effects of mixing ionic liquids on their density, decomposition temperature, and gas absorption

In order to counter the detrimental effect of chemicals on the environment, the academic and industry research interest have shifted towards “green” solvents. Ionic liquids (ILs) are salt-like compounds that, with few exceptions, are known to have negligible vapor pressure and are widely proclaimed as green solvents. Their physical properties can be tailored for the desired purpose by the careful selection of cation and anion or by mixing with other solvents. In this work, we tested the gas absorption of ILs and measured the thermo-physical properties of individual ILs and their binary mixtures. Density and thermogravimetric measurements were performed on ILs choline octanoate ([Ch][Oct]), 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate ([Omim][Otf]), and 1-methyl-3-octylimidazolium chloride ([Omim][Cl]), and their equal molar (1:1) mixtures. The effect of different anions [Otf−, Cl−] and different cation groups [Omim, Ch] on the gas absorption potential of ILs have been observed. The density and thermal stability tests have been conducted to understand the changes in the physical properties of ILs when they are mixed together in equal ratios. All samples of ILs ([Ch][Oct], [Omim][Otf], [Omim][Cl], [Ch][Oct] + [Omim][Otf], [Ch][Oct] + [Omim][Cl], and [Omim][Cl] + [Omim][Otf]) were tested as CO2 absorption media at temperatures 298.15, 305.15, and 308.15 K and pressure values ranging from 0 to 50 bar. In addition to that, the CO2 sorption results at 298.15 K were compared with experimentally measured methane (CH4) and nitrogen (N2) data. It was observed that the IL [Ch][Oct] is significantly better for CO2 absorption than [Omim][Cl] ([Ch][Oct] ≥ [Omim][Cl] > [Omim][Otf]). On comparing the CO2 absorption profiles with those of CH4 and N2, the similar trends for IL and IL mixtures were obtained: CO2 > CH4 > N2 and CO2 > CH4 > N2 respectively.This work was made possible by NPRP grant # 10-0107-170119 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. Appendix AScopu

Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study on High Pressure Methane Solubility in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

In this paper, we report high pressure experimental measurements and detailed density functional theory (DFT) as well as molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of methane (CH4) solubility in natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) that were prepared by using alanine (Al), betaine (Be), and choline chloride (ChCl) used as hydrogen bond acceptors (HBA) and lactic acid (La), malic acid (Ma), and phenylacetic acid (Paa) used as hydrogen bond donors (HBD). Experiments were performed on Al:La, Be:La, ChCl:La, ChCl:Ma, and ChCl:Paa systems up to 50 bar at 298.15 K. Meanwhile, this work includes the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) calculations that allow quantifying and characterizing the short-range interactions of studied systems, which is reported for the first time for NADESs and CH4 interactions. Furthermore, MD simulations shed light onto the characteristics of intermolecular forces, particularly for hydrogen bonding, molecular arrangements in the liquid phases, and their role in fluid's properties. The presented results showed that the studied NADESs can be used for selective CO2/CH4 separation in gas processing applications.This work was funded by Junta de Castilla y Leo? (Spain, project BU094G18). We acknowledge SCAYLE (Super-computacio?Castilla y Leon)? for providing supercomputing facilities.Scopu

Cost-effective alkylammonium formate-based protic ionic liquids for methane hydrate inhibition

In light of current concerns about environmental impact, ionic liquids have been tested in a number of industrial applications, including gas purification, lubrication, and catalysis. In this work, cost-effective alkylammonium-based protic ionic liquids (PIL) were utilized as high-dosage gas hydrate inhibitors in order to achieve an inexpensive feedstock. Three structurally different PILs, ethylammonium formate ([EA][Of]), dimethylammonium formate ([DMA][Of]), and dimethylethylammonium formate ([DMEA][Of]), were studied to determine their inhibitory effect on methane gas hydrates. All of the studied PILs were initially tested for thermodynamic gas hydrate inhibition at 5 wt% and at 10 wt% to understand the effect of concentration by increasing the dosage. These PILs were produced by adding primary, secondary, and tertiary amines to formic acid, which is mildly acidic in nature and has biological significance. The PILs showed similar thermodynamic hydrate inhibition (THI) effects at the studied concentrations. The THI trend ([EA][Of] ? [DMA][Of] ? [DMEA][Of]) reflects the small effect of the structural variation of the cation, with the common formate anion providing the dominant inhibitory action due to presence of a carboxylic group. The pressure-temperature (P-T) equilibrium curve data of the investigated PILs were compared with the existing literature data for ILs including [TBMA][Of] at 10 wt% and 5 wt%. The comparison plots reveal that the THI effects of the studied PILs are better than or comparable to the other ILs, which is the matter of discussion over cost effective operation. Additionally, experimental kinetic hydrate inhibition (KHI) data were collected for 5 wt% PIL systems using polyethylene oxide (1 wt%) as an additive to demonstrate its synergistic effect.This work was made possible by the NPRP grant # 6-330-2-140 . M. Fahed Qureshi also acknowledges the grant GSRA # 2-1-0603-14012 . Both grants are provided by the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation)