Demosaicing of Color Images by Accurate Estimation of Luminance

Digital cameras acquire color images using a single sensor with Color filter Arrays. A single color component per pixel is acquired using color filter arrays and the remaining two components are obtained using demosaicing techniques. The conventional demosaicing techniques existent induce artifacts in resultant images effecting reconstruction quality. To overcome this drawback a frequency based demosaicing technique is proposed. The luminance and chrominance components extracted from the frequency domain of the image are interpolated to produce intermediate demosaiced images. A novel Neural Network Based Image Reconstruction Algorithm is applied to the intermediate demosaiced image to obtain resultant demosaiced images. The results presented in the paper prove the proposed demosaicing technique exhibits the best performance and is applicable to a wide variety of images

The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment: Exploring Fundamental Symmetries of the Universe

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early Universe, the dynamics of the supernova bursts that produced the heavy elements necessary for life and whether protons eventually decay --- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our Universe, its current state and its eventual fate. The Long-Baseline Neutrino Experiment (LBNE) represents an extensively developed plan for a world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions. LBNE is conceived around three central components: (1) a new, high-intensity neutrino source generated from a megawatt-class proton accelerator at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, (2) a near neutrino detector just downstream of the source, and (3) a massive liquid argon time-projection chamber deployed as a far detector deep underground at the Sanford Underground Research Facility. This facility, located at the site of the former Homestake Mine in Lead, South Dakota, is approximately 1,300 km from the neutrino source at Fermilab -- a distance (baseline) that delivers optimal sensitivity to neutrino charge-parity symmetry violation and mass ordering effects. This ambitious yet cost-effective design incorporates scalability and flexibility and can accommodate a variety of upgrades and contributions. With its exceptional combination of experimental configuration, technical capabilities, and potential for transformative discoveries, LBNE promises to be a vital facility for the field of particle physics worldwide, providing physicists from around the globe with opportunities to collaborate in a twenty to thirty year program of exciting science. In this document we provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess.Comment: Major update of previous version. This is the reference document for LBNE science program and current status. Chapters 1, 3, and 9 provide a comprehensive overview of LBNE's scientific objectives, its place in the landscape of neutrino physics worldwide, the technologies it will incorporate and the capabilities it will possess. 288 pages, 116 figure

Field and chirality effects on electrochemical charge transfer rates: Spin dependent electrochemistry

This work examines whether electrochemical redox reactions are sensitive to the electron spin orientation by examining the effects of magnetic field and molecular chirality on the charge transfer process. The working electrode is either a ferromagnetic nickel film or a nickel film that is coated with an ultrathin (5\u201330 nm) gold overlayer. The electrode is coated with a self-assembled monolayer that immobilizes a redox couple containing chiral molecular units, either the redox active dye toluidine blue O with a chiral cysteine linking unit or cytochrome c. By varying the direction of magnetization of the nickel, toward or away from the adsorbed layer, we demonstrate that the electrochemical current depends on the orientation of the electrons\u2019 spin. In the case of cytochrome c, the spin selectivity of the reduction is extremely high, namely, the reduction occurs mainly with electrons having their spin-aligned antiparallel to their velocity

Modelling of the effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W divertor of JET

Effect of ELMs on fuel retention at the bulk W target of JET ITER-Like Wall was studied with multi-scale calculations. Plasma input parameters were taken from ELMy H-mode plasma experiment. The energetic intra-ELM fuel particles get implanted and create near-surface defects up to depths of few tens of nm, which act as the main fuel trapping sites during ELMs. Clustering of implantation-induced vacancies were found to take place. The incoming flux of inter-ELM plasma particles increases the different filling levels of trapped fuel in defects. The temperature increase of the W target during the pulse increases the fuel detrapping rate. The inter-ELM fuel particle flux refills the partially emptied trapping sites and fills new sites. This leads to a competing effect on the retention and release rates of the implanted particles. At high temperatures the main retention appeared in larger vacancy clusters due to increased clustering rate

On the mechanisms governing gas penetration into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection

A new 1D radial fluid code, IMAGINE, is used to simulate the penetration of gas into a tokamak plasma during a massive gas injection (MGI). The main result is that the gas is in general strongly braked as it reaches the plasma, due to mechanisms related to charge exchange and (to a smaller extent) recombination. As a result, only a fraction of the gas penetrates into the plasma. Also, a shock wave is created in the gas which propagates away from the plasma, braking and compressing the incoming gas. Simulation results are quantitatively consistent, at least in terms of orders of magnitude, with experimental data for a D 2 MGI into a JET Ohmic plasma. Simulations of MGI into the background plasma surrounding a runaway electron beam show that if the background electron density is too high, the gas may not penetrate, suggesting a possible explanation for the recent results of Reux et al in JET (2015 Nucl. Fusion 55 093013)

Anisotropic diffusion of water molecules in hydroxyapatite nanopores

Funded by EPSRC Grant EP/K000128/1

Preparation and characterization of polymer/inorganic nanoparticle composites through electron irradiation

In this paper, we report a new method to prepare the polymer/inorganic nanoparticle composites using electron irradiation-induced polymerization. The mixture of nanoparticles and MMA solution were co-irradiated by 1.6 MeV electron beam to a dose of 10, 20 and 30 kGy at a dose-rate of 60 kGy/h in air at room temperature. The products after irradiation were extracted using a soxhlet extractor with boiling xylene and investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transmission infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), optical absorption spectra (OAP) and photoluminescence (PL). The FTIR and XPS results show that there exist some unextractable PMMA in the nanocomposites after extraction, indicating a strong interaction between the PMMA and nanoparticles. PL results show that new luminescence peaks appear at 415 and 420 nm for the nanocomposites of anatase and γ-Al 2 O 3 .Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/44782/1/10853_2006_Article_1120.pd