Metasediments of the deep crustal section of Southern Karnataka

A review of the rocks of supracrustal origin in the amphibolite and granulite facies terrane in southern Karnataka was presented. In addition to introducing the metasediments in the field area of the workshop, a review was presented of the common occurrence of metasediments in amphibolite and granulite facies rocks worldwide. Models of granulite metamorphism must include a mechanism for the burial of these sediments to the depths recorded by the geobarometers in granulite metamorphism in addition to their reexposure at the surface. Unfortunately, the common occurrence of supracrustals in granulite facies rocks, sometimes with remarkably little deformation was deemed significant

Impact of Adaptive Modulation and Coding Schemes on Bit Error Rate for System Performance in the Uplink LTE System

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a cellular network technology aims to render enriched data services to users at lower latency and higher (multi-megabit) throughput. The higher system throughput with more reliable transmission is achieved by the support of Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC) schemes, scheduling algorithms, multi-antenna techniques etc. The AMC schemes substantially increases the system throughput by reducing the Bit Error Rates (BER) and by adjusting the transmission parameters based on the link quality. The scheduling algorithms also enhance the throughput of individual users, as well as the cell throughput by allocating the resources among the active users. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to study and evaluate the effects of AMC schemes such as QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM on uplink LTE system performance for Proportional Fair (PF) and Round Robin (RR) scheduling algorithms using QualNet 7.1 network simulator. The performance metrics considered for the simulation studies are BER, cell throughput, average delay and average jitte

Effect of Bandwidth Scalability on System Performance in the Downlink LTE Systems

Long Term Evolution (LTE) system employs Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) in downlink in order to support network deployment using various system bandwidth configurations i.e., 1.4MHz, 3MHZ, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz and 20MHz. The bandwidth scalability enables operator to access multiple channels to achieve higher peak data rates. Also, the bandwidth scalability allows operators to deploy LTE network with the existing spectrum or newly licensed band. Therefore the study on performance of LTE system with different bandwidth configuration becomes vital. Hence in this paper, an attempt has been made to study and compare the performance of LTE system with different spectrum configuration i.e., 1.4MHz, 3MHz, 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz and 20MHz for Constant Bit Rate (CBR) traffic scenario in the downlink. The performance metrics considered for simulation studies are aggregate bytes received, average throughput, average delay and average jitter

Evaluation of Dolichos (Lablab purpureus L.) Germplasm for Pod Yield and Pod Related Traits

Fifty seven pole type vegetable dolichos bean (Lablab purpureus var. typicus) germplasm lines collected from Tamil Nadu, Karnataka and Pondicherry were evaluated in a replicated experiment at Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, for pod yield and pod -related traits during 2006-08. Significant differences were recorded for all traits studied. IIHR 177 was the earliest to flower in 43 days and pods matured in 65 days. IIHR 6 recorded maximum pod length (16.5 cm) , and, ten-pod weight was maximum in IIHR 7 (122 g). Pod width was high in IIHR 11 (4.05 cm). Number of pods per plant ranged from 10 to 91, with the maximum in IIHR 159. Maximum pod-yield was recorded in IIHR 150 and IIHR 159 (576.0 g/plant). Six different pod-colors (green, light green, purple, purple green, pink and creamy- white) were recorded. Maximum number of lines (52.63%) had green pod. The present study indicates existence of a wide range of variability for pod characters, namely, pod-maturity, pod -length, tenpod weight, number of pods per plant and pod- colour. High yielding lines with different pod types can serve as potentially useful parents in further breeding

Relay Selection Algorithm for IPTV based Services

Television over Internet Protocol (IPTV) is an emerging multimedia service which provides ubiquitous TV access. Transmitting IPTV over Broadband Wireless Access networks is a challenging issue, because of its stringent Quality of Service (QoS) requirements. The IPTV service providers offers different types of services (HDTV, SDTV, Web TV and mobile TV) using different video servers for each IPTV service type, which increases the bandwidth required for IPTV transmission. Concept of Relay networking is a powerful means for the service providers, in order to offer IPTV services to the users. In this paper, in order to cope up with the scarce bandwidth resource along with QoS provision, a relay selection algorithm is proposed for IPTV services in relay based networks. The performance of proposed algorithm is evaluated through simulation by considering bandwidth used, delay and throughput as performance metrics. &nbsp

Li2SnO3 as a Cathode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries:Defects, Lithium Ion Diffusion and Dopants

Tin-based oxide Li2SnO3 has attracted considerable interest as a promising cathode material for potential use in rechargeable lithium batteries due to its high- capacity. Static atomistic scale simulations are employed to provide insights into the defect chemistry, doping behaviour and lithium diffusion paths in Li2SnO3. The most favourable intrinsic defect type is Li Frenkel (0.75 eV/defect). The formation of anti-site defect, in which Li and Sn ions exchange their positions is 0.78 eV/defect, very close to the Li Frenkel. The present calculations confirm the cation intermixing found experimentally in Li2SnO3. Long range lithium diffusion paths via vacancy mechanisms were examined and it is confirmed that the lowest activation energy migration path is along the c-axis plane with the overall activation energy of 0.61 eV. Subvalent doping by Al on the Sn site is energetically favourable and is proposed to be an efficient way to increase the Li content in Li2SnO3. The electronic structure calculations show that the introduction of Al will not introduce levels in the band gap

Dentinogenesis imperfecta in Osteogenesis imperfecta type XI in South Africa: a genotype–phenotype correlation

BACKGROUND: The maxillofacial and dental manifestations of Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have significant implications in terms of management. Although the occurrence of abnormal dentine in some forms of OI is well documented, there is scant information on the association of abnormal dentine in the Black African persons with phenotypic OI III and genotypic OI XI in South Africa. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional analytic study. A series of 64 Black South African individuals with a confirmed phenotypic diagnosis of OI III, ages ranging from 3 months to 29 years, were assessed clinically, radiographically, and at a molecular level. RESULTS: A total number of 64 saliva samples were analyzed and 3 DNA variations were identified in exon 5 of the FKBP10 gene. The homozygous mutation, c.[831dupC]; [831dupC], was identified in 23 affected persons who had no clinically obvious features of DI in their primary and secondary teeth. Radiologically, mild features of DI were evident in 10 persons in whom radiographic images were obtained and were given a Clinical–radiological score of 2. A compound heterozygous mutation, c. [831delC]; [831dupC], was identified in three siblings. An intraoral examination of these affected persons revealed no clinically apparent features of DI in their primary and secondary teeth. Due to the lack of radiological facilities, the presence or absence of DI could not be confirmed or negated. A second compound heterozygous mutation, c.[831dupC]; [1400-4C>G], was identified in a female of 29 years belonging to the Xhosa linguistic group. Her teeth appeared clinically normal but it was not possible to obtain radiographs. In 37 affected individuals, no disease-causing mutations were identified. CONCLUSION: Black African individuals in SA with the homozygous mutation in the FKBP10 gene have clinically unaffected teeth yet exhibited radiographic features of DI to varying degrees. This characterization is suggestive of a relationship between the genetic abnormality and the clinical manifestations of DI. The authors suggest that this diagnosis must include teeth that are clinically and/or radiologically aberrant, and should not exclude the presence of other, milder, dentinal aberrations associated with OI. There was no correlation between severity of OI and DI in this cohort of individuals