Identifikasi Ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau dan Suhu Permukaan di Jakarta Selatan

The effect of high population density is the reduction of green space areas, which enhances the risk of climate change impact. Green space has multifunction roles in ecology, social and economics. The provision of green space can reduce heat and pollution, improve water management and support health and well-being, essentially in densely urban areas. This study aims to identify the availability of green space areas considering the vegetation density and their implication for land surface temperature in South Jakarta. A remote sensing approach is deployed with the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to analyze the green space areas and LST  to identify the temperature of each district. The result shows that the majority of the district in South Jakarta has increased the number of green space areas. While the surface temperature in the neighbourhood, with growing green space areas, has the lowest temperature in 2021, Setiabudi District. On the other hand, Tebet District experienced the highest land surface temperature in 2021, around 29,6oC, which dedicated only 3.54 Km2 of green spaces, the smallest area amongst districts in South Jakarta.Kepadatan penduduk yang tinggi berdampak pada penurunan luasan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) yang berimplikasi pada resiko dampak perubahan iklim. RTH memiliki berbagai fungsi untuk baik secara ekologi, sosial dan ekonomi. Penyediaan RTH dapat bermanfaat dalam penurunan suhu panas, pengurangan polusi, pengelolaan sumber daya air serta mendukung kesejahteraan dan kesehatan, terutama dia area perkotaaan dengan tingkat kepadatan penduduk tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ketersediaan RTH dengan memperhitungkan luasan RTH berdasarkan indeks vegetasi dan mengidentifikasi suhu permukaan di Jakarta Selatan. Metode yang digunakan dengan memafaatkan interpretasi penginderaan jauh, melalui media Normalized DIfference vegetation Index (NDVI) dan Land Surface Temperature (LST) diaplikasikan untuk mengidentifikasi suhu. Hasil studi menemukan jika luasan RTH di Jakarta Selatan mayoritas mengalami kenaikan, hanya ada tiga kecamatan yang memiliki penurunan luasan RTH. Diketahui juga bahwa, Pada area yang mengalami peningkatan luasan RTH, memiliki suhu permukaan terendah di tahun 2021 pada Kecamatan Setiabudi. Disisi lain, Kecamatan Tebet mengalami suhu permukaan tertinggi pada tahun 2021, 229,6oC  yang  memiliki luas RTH 3.54 Km2 merupakan yang terkecil dibanding seluruh kecamatan di Jakarta Selatan

‘Knowing where I am’ : self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetes

Although the prevalence of all types of chronic conditions is increasing, diabetes is one of the few long-term metabolic disorders that individuals can successfully manage, monitor and control on a day-to-day basis. Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is considered an essential component of diabetes self-care management. When used appropriately, SMBG can help to identify factors associated with hyper- and hypoglycaemia, facilitate learning, and empower people with diabetes to make changes to improve their glycaemic control. SMBG can be a useful tool for healthcare providers, who can teach individuals to monitor glucose at specific times to assess the effectiveness of medications and guide medication management. However, there is an ongoing debate regarding whether, as is the case with type 1 diabetes, all people with type 2 diabetes should also be given the opportunity to learn about the value of, and skills required to, monitor blood glucose as appropriate to their specific needs

Deep venous thrombosis: an underestimated threat.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a clinical term used to describe the formation of a stationary blood clot (thrombus) in a large vein in the leg or the pelvis, causing partial or complete blockage of the circulation. DVT is a significant health and social care problem, costing approximately £640 million per annum to manage. Each year over 25 000 people in England die from this condition contracted in hospital. Early recognition and the subsequent accurate diagnosis of DVT is, therefore, extremely important to prevent potentially fatal acute complication of pulmonary embolism (PE). It is therefore crucial for peri-operative practitioners to have a sound grasp of DVT and PE together with its management to prevent related complications. Furthermore, as part of the clinical team, they need to check that appropriate thrombo-prophylaxis has been prescribed for every patient

Self-monitoring of blood glucose: Is it justified?

Despite the availability of robust evidence demonstrating that lowering glycaemic levels reduces the risks of diabetes-related complications, there has been little improvement in recent years in glycaemic control among individuals with diabetes in Europe and the US. Although widely used, there has been considerable controversy surrounding the role of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) as a means of achieving glycaemic control. This has resulted in a re-consideration of the prescription of blood glucose strips especially in the current climate of health care cost-containment. Existing clinical recommendations lack specific guidance to patients and health professionals regarding SMBG practice intensity and frequency, particularly for those not treated with insulin. Previous studies of the association between SMBG and glycaemic control found often weak, and sometimes conflicting, evidence. More rigorous longitudinal studies are needed to examine the role of SMBG with special attention to the unique needs of patients using different diabetes treatments, within special clinical sub-populations, and during initiation of SMBG versus its ongoing use. Further understanding of the intensity and frequency of SMBG are also needed to capture variability in glycaemic patterns in order to facilitate more specific guideline development

Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior of Parents Regarding Early Childhood Caries Prevention of Preschool Children in Western Region of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

The knowledge and beliefs of parents have an impact on their children’s general and oral health. The objective of this study is to assess knowledge, attitude, and behavior of parents and identify possible associated factors of early childhood caries (ECC) in the western region of Saudi Arabia. Parents aged 18 and older were invited to complete a self-administered, validated questionnaire. Questions covered demographics, knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding ECC etiology and prevention. Of the 644 parents who completed the questionnaire, 51.4% were not aware of the early signs of tooth decay, such as white lines. Pain and trauma were reported as the major reasons for a child to visit a dentist (42.4%). Only 37% of parents were aware of the importance of fissure sealant, and only 23% knew how it is applied. Compared with mothers, fathers were significantly less aware of hidden sugar and the relation between the frequency of consuming breast milk or bottled milk and caries development (p = 0.001). Similarly, fathers were more likely to believe that children could achieve effective teeth cleaning without parental assistance (p = 0.001). Preventive guidance should be provided by oral healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia to improve parents’ knowledge of ECC prevention