Integrated optics technology study

The status and near term potential of materials and processes available for the fabrication of single mode integrated electro-optical components are discussed. Issues discussed are host material and orientation, waveguide formation, optical loss mechanisms, wavelength selection, polarization effects and control, laser to integrated optics coupling fiber optic waveguides to integrated optics coupling, sources, and detectors. Recommendations of the best materials, technology, and processes for fabrication of integrated optical components for communications and fiber gyro applications are given

Distributed phase-covariant cloning with atomic ensembles via quantum Zeno dynamics

We propose an interesting scheme for distributed orbital state quantum cloning with atomic ensembles based on the quantum Zeno dynamics. These atomic ensembles which consist of identical three-level atoms are trapped in distant cavities connected by a single-mode integrated optical star coupler. These qubits can be manipulated through appropriate modulation of the coupling constants between atomic ensemble and classical field, and the cavity decay can be largely suppressed as the number of atoms in the ensemble qubits increases. The fidelity of each cloned qubit can be obtained with analytic result. The present scheme provides a new way to construct the quantum communication network.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure

Thermo-Optic Phase Modulation in Single-Mode Glass Waveguides

Low speed active integrated - optical devices fabricated on glass substrates are investigated. Glass waveguides fabricated by ion-exchange are low loss (&lt; 0.2 dB/cm), easy to fabricate, and immune to optical damage as encounted in LiNbO3 waveguides, which make them attractive for certain applications that do not require high speeds. Thermal effects in dielectric waveguides induce refractive index perturbations.1 This, along with the thermal expansion, can be utilized to generate phase modulation in dielectric materials, such as glass. In this paper, we report the experimental results of thermo-optical phase modulation and switching in single mode integrated-optical glass structures.</jats:p

Single Mode Integrated Optical 1XN Star Coupler

Signal distribution from one to several ports is necessary in various optical communication networks. To meet this requirement, a new integrated optical 1XN single mode star coupler is presented. The principle of operation is based on directional coupling of channel waveguides with linearly varying spacings1. The design objective is to minimize the need for corner bends, and avoid the use of lossy γ-junctions. As a result, a minimum insertion loss is obtained for devices having all output channels equally spaced and perpendicular to a reference edge. Based on these design principles, three slightly different structures are developed, as shown in Fig.1A, B and C respectively. Essentially, the three patterns are based on the same concept of distributed coupling achieved by linearly increasing the wave­guide spacings in sets of two or three coupled waveguides. These configurations are designed to provide adequate spacing at the output end to accommodate for coupling to a fiber array. Device length is determined by the appropriate choice of the tilt angle α and the initial spacing cj at the beginning of the various interaction regions. All three patterns are expected to satisfy the requirements, however, there are some trade-offs in certain design and fabrication situations.</jats:p

Low Loss Optical Waveguides Fabricated by Solid State Electro-thermal Diffusion of Metals Into Glass

Numerous references have reported the formation of optical guiding layers in glass by ion exchange from molten salts of high electronic polarizability ions.(1-3) This talk will describe the fabrication of diffused optical waveguides in glass by an easily controllable dry process; i.e., from an evaporated metallic layer. In addition, it will be shown that the application of an electric field during the diffusion process increases the solubility of the metal and makes possible single mode guides of small dimensions, as well as highly multimode thicker guides. Finally, with this technique it is possible to bury the guide below the surface, thus reducing the loss due to surface scatter.</jats:p