Pengaruh Sistem Olah Tanah Terhadap Emisi Gas Co 2 Tanah Bekas Lahan Alang-alang (Imperata Cylindrica) Yang Ditanami Kedelai (Glycine Max L) Pada Musim Kedua

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem olah pada lahan alang-alang (Imperata cylidrica) terhadap emisi CO 2 tanah yang ditanami kedelai (Glycine max L) pada musim ke dua.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan perlakuan 3 sistem olah tanah, TOT = Tanpa Olah Tanah, OTM = Olah Tanah Minimum, OTI = Olah Tanah Intensif, dengan 6 kali ulangan.Tanaman kedelai digunakan sebagai indikator respon perlakuan yang diterapkan. Data yang diperoleh diuji homogenitasnya, dengan uji Bartlett dan aditifitas diuji dengan uji Tukey. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji BNT 5%. Dari hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa pengamatan hari ke-1, hari ke- 21, dan hari ke-47 tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap emisi CO 2 tanah. Namun pengamatan hari ke-78, sistem olah tanah memberikan pengaruh yang sangat nyata terhadap emisi CO 2 tanah, dan berpengaruh nyata pada hari ke-114 setelah pengolahan tanah. Berdasarkan hasil uji BNT 5% emisi gas CO 2 tanah pada sistem TOT lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sistem OTM dan sistem OTI serta terdapat korelasi antara emisi gas CO 2 tanah dengan kapasitas tukar kation (KTK)

Carbon Stock in Integrated Field Laboratory Faculty of Agriculture University of Lampung

This study aimed to determine the amount of carbon stock and CO2 plant uptake in the Integrated Field Laboratory (IFL) Faculty of Agriculture University of Lampung. The research was conducted from April to November 2015. The study was arranged in a completely randomized block design (CRBD), consisting of five land units as treatment with four replications for each treatment. Biomass of woody plants was estimated using allometric equation, biomass of understorey plants was estimated using plant dry weight equation, and organic C content in plants and soils were analyzed using a Walkey and Black method. The results showed that land unit consisting of densely woody plants significantly affects total biomass of woody plants, organic C content in woody plants and total carbon content (above and below ground). The highest amount of woody plant biomass was observed in land unit 5, i.e. 1,196.88 Mg ha-1, and above ground total carbon was 437.19 Mg ha-1. IFL Faculty of Agriculture University of Lampung has a total carbon stock of 2,051.90 Mg and capacity to take up total CO2 of 6,656.88 Mg

Kandungan Bahan Kasar dan Sifat Fisik Tanah Ultisol di Lahan Perkebunan Nanas Terbanggi Besar Lampung Tengah

Bahan kasar merupakan bagian dari fraksi tanah berukuran (>2 mm) yang tersebar mulai dari permukaan sampai pada kedalaman tanah tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran persentase kandungan bahan kasar tanah dan hubunganya dengan sifat fisik tanah (tekstur, kerapatan isi, susunan pori, dan daya menahan air) pada lahan pertanaman nanas di wilayah Terbanggi Besar, Lampung Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode survei. Analisis tanah di laboratorium meliputi analisis persen kandungan bahan kasar tanah, tekstur, kerapatan isi, kadar air, pori total, pori makro, serta daya menahan air. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) Persentase bahan kasar tanah pada lokasi 45 F dan 12 D lebih dari 15% dan tergolong sebagai modifier sehingga merubah jenis kelas tektsur tanah yang baru berdasarkan kriteria dari balai penelitian tanah; (2) Hasil uji korelasi persentase bahan kasar tanah terhadap sifat fisik tanah tidak menunjukan adanya hubungan atau korelasi terhadap sifat fisik tanah seperti kadar air, kerapatan isi, pori total, makro, dan daya menahan air

Cyber-risks in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT): towards a method for continuous assessment.

Continuous risk monitoring is considered in the context of cybersecurity management for the Industrial Internet-of-Thing. Cyber risk management best practice is for security controls to be deployed and configured in order to bring down risk exposure to an acceptable level. However, threats and known vulnerabilities are subject to change, and estimates of risk are subject to many uncertainties, so it is important to review risk assessments and update controls when required. Risks are typically reviewed periodically (e.g. once per month), but the accelerating pace of change means that this approach is not sustainable, and there is a requirement for continuous monitoring of cybersecurity risks. The method described in this paper aims to alert security staff of significant changes or trends in estimated risk exposure to facilitate rational and timely decisions. Additionally, it helps predict the success and impact of a nascent security breach allowing better prioritisation of threats and selection of appropriate responses. The method is illustrated using a scenario based on environmental control in a data centre

Context Matters: The Illusive Simplicity of Macaque V1 Receptive Fields

Even in V1, where neurons have well characterized classical receptive fields (CRFs), it has been difficult to deduce which features of natural scenes stimuli they actually respond to. Forward models based upon CRF stimuli have had limited success in predicting the response of V1 neurons to natural scenes. As natural scenes exhibit complex spatial and temporal correlations, this could be due to surround effects that modulate the sensitivity of the CRF. Here, instead of attempting a forward model, we quantify the importance of the natural scenes surround for awake macaque monkeys by modeling it non-parametrically. We also quantify the influence of two forms of trial to trial variability. The first is related to the neuron’s own spike history. The second is related to ongoing mean field population activity reflected by the local field potential (LFP). We find that the surround produces strong temporal modulations in the firing rate that can be both suppressive and facilitative. Further, the LFP is found to induce a precise timing in spikes, which tend to be temporally localized on sharp LFP transients in the gamma frequency range. Using the pseudo R[superscript 2] as a measure of model fit, we find that during natural scene viewing the CRF dominates, accounting for 60% of the fit, but that taken collectively the surround, spike history and LFP are almost as important, accounting for 40%. However, overall only a small proportion of V1 spiking statistics could be explained (R[superscript 2]~5%), even when the full stimulus, spike history and LFP were taken into account. This suggests that under natural scene conditions, the dominant influence on V1 neurons is not the stimulus, nor the mean field dynamics of the LFP, but the complex, incoherent dynamics of the network in which neurons are embedded.National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (K25 NS052422-02)National Institutes of Health (U.S.) (DP1 ODOO3646

Stronger Neural Modulation by Visual Motion Intensity in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Theories of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have focused on altered perceptual integration of sensory features as a possible core deficit. Yet, there is little understanding of the neuronal processing of elementary sensory features in ASD. For typically developed individuals, we previously established a direct link between frequency-specific neural activity and the intensity of a specific sensory feature: Gamma-band activity in the visual cortex increased approximately linearly with the strength of visual motion. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we investigated whether in individuals with ASD neural activity reflect the coherence, and thus intensity, of visual motion in a similar fashion. Thirteen adult participants with ASD and 14 control participants performed a motion direction discrimination task with increasing levels of motion coherence. A polynomial regression analysis revealed that gamma-band power increased significantly stronger with motion coherence in ASD compared to controls, suggesting excessive visual activation with increasing stimulus intensity originating from motion-responsive visual areas V3, V6 and hMT/V5. Enhanced neural responses with increasing stimulus intensity suggest an enhanced response gain in ASD. Response gain is controlled by excitatory-inhibitory interactions, which also drive high-frequency oscillations in the gamma-band. Thus, our data suggest that a disturbed excitatoryinhibitory balance underlies enhanced neural responses to coherent motion in ASD

Colors Of Graphite On Silicon Dioxide

Monoatomic layers of graphite can be electrically contacted and used as building blocks for new promising devices. These experiment are today possible thanks to the fact that very thin graphite can be identified on a dielectric substrate using a simple optical microscope. We investigate the mechanism behind the strong visibility of graphite and we discuss the importance of the substrate and of the microcope objective used for the imaging.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, abstract reviewed&accepted for presentation at EP2DS-1

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Typing of Bacillus anthracis from Sverdlovsk Tissue

A small number of conserved canonical single nucleotide polymorphisms (canSNP) that define major phylogenetic branches for Bacillus anthracis were used to place a Sverdlovsk patient’s B. anthracis genotype into 1 of 12 subgroups. Reconstruction of the pagA gene also showed a unique SNP that defines a new lineage for B. anthracis

AI-Driven Assessment of Students: Current Uses and Research Trends

During the last decade, the use of AIs is being incorporated into the educational field whether to support the analysis of human behavior in teachinglearning contexts, as didactic resource combined with other technologies or as a tool for the assessment of the students. This proposal presents a Systematic Literature Review and mapping study on the use of AIs for the assessment of students that aims to provide a general overview of the state of the art and identify the current areas of research by answering 6 research questions related with the evolution of the field, and the geographic and thematic distribution of the studies. As a result of the selection process this study identified 20 papers focused on the research topic in the repositories SCOPUS and Web of Science from an initial amount of 129. The analysis of the papers allowed the identification of three main thematic categories: assessment of student behaviors, assessment of student sentiments and assessment of student achievement as well as several gaps in the literature and future research lines addressed in the discussion