The Health Related Components of Physical Fitness in People with Visual Impairment: A Systematic Review

Visual impairment is becoming progressively more common in America’s aging society. Physical inactivity contributes to the development of chronic health conditions. Therefore, it is important to understand the relationship between visual impairment and its impact on health related physical activity and fitness. The purpose of this systematic review is to examine the prevalence of physical activity and the five components of physical fitness in the visually impaired population. This review was limited to articles addressing individuals with “visual impairment,” as defined by the National Eye Institute. The data abstracted included documentation of visual impairment, physical activity rates, physical fitness measures, gender, age, number of participants, and sample size. Results confirm that persons with visual impairment tend to participate in physical activity significantly less than their sighted counterparts and are often less physically fit, especially in regards to body composition, cardiovascular endurance, and muscular strength. Consensus within the research attributes this decreased physical fitness to the lack of sufficient physical activity within the population. The observed lack of physical activity warrants intentionally improving upon the many physiopsychological and social factors which prevent visually impaired children and adults from having equal access to opportunities to engage regularly in physical fitness activities

Determinants of Preference for Contingent Employment

This paper explores the determinants of preference for contingent employment using a national probability sample of temporary workers and independent contractors. A multi-level model of preference and multivariate analyses indicate that the opportunity cost of contract work, number of job opportunities, prior experience, human and financial capital, access to health benefits, prior experience, and work-family factors predict preference for contingent employment. These results are moderated by gender and by type of contingent work arrangement. Temporary workers differ from independent contractors and men differ from women with respect to which factors are associated with preference. The implications for organization human resource policy and social policy are discussed

The system parameters of the polars MR Ser and ST LMi

We obtain the NaI 8183,8195 absorption line radial velocity curves for the polars ST LMi and MR Ser, from which we find the semi-amplitudes to be K_abs=329=+/-6 kms-1 and K_abs=289+/-9 kms-1 respectively. We find that for both systems the effects on the \NaI absorption lines due to X-rays heating the inner face of the secondary are negligible, and so the values obtained for K_abs can be taken as the true semi-amplitude of the secondary star. We then determine the projected rotational velocities, vsini, to be 104+/-9 kms-1 and 66+/-13 kms-1 for ST LMi and MR Ser respectively which enables their mass ratios to be calculated. For ST LMi and MR Ser we find the mass ratio to be 0.22+/-0.04 and 0.10+/-0.05 respectively; values which are significantly different only at the 94 percent level. We show that ``spike'' in the orbital period distribution of polars is a significant feature, although the discovery of only one more system with a period outside the ``spike'' would decrease its significance below a 99 percent confidence level. We conclude that, even if the limb darkening coefficients for the secondary stars in ST LMi and MR Ser are the same, we cannot rule out the two systems having identical parameters. Therefore our observations are compatible with the theory explaining the ``spike'' in the period distribution of the AM Hers.Comment: 6 pages, accepted for MNRAS, use mn.sty, 9 postscript figures, 3 table

FINANCIAL PROSPECTS, BUSINESS ORGANIZATION, AND MANAGEMENT: FARM BUSINESS CHALLENGES

Farm Management,

Students Speak! - Understanding the Value of HBCUs From Student Perspectives

Explores students' views about their choice of historically black colleges and universities, their on-campus experiences, and the value of HBCUs. Examines the role of pre-college contexts, HBCUs' impact on academic and personal growth, and implications

Organizational Pay Mix: The Implications of Various Theoretical Perspectives for the Conceptualization and Measurement of Individual Pay Components

While pay mix is one of the most frequently used variables in recent compensation research, its theoretical relevance and measurement remains underdeveloped. There is little agreement among studies on the definitions of the various forms of pay that go into pay mix. Even studies that examine the same theories tend to overlook the implications of differences in the measures and meanings of pay mix used in other studies. Our study explores the meaning of pay mix using several theories commonly used in recent compensation research (agency, efficiency wage, expectancy, equity, and person-organization fit). Recent studies generally use a single measure of mix (e.g., bonus/base, or stock options/total, or benefits/base). We argue that to fully understand the effects of employee compensation, the multiple forms of compensation must be taken into account. Therefore, we derived pay mix measures from the theories commonly used in compensation research. We classified the pay mix policies of 478 firms using cluster-analytic techniques. We found that the classification of organizations based on their pay mix depends on the measures used. We suggest that as more realistic measures of pay mix leads to reinterpretation of compensation research and offers directions for theory development

The friends and family test : a qualitative study of concerns that influence the willingness of English National Health Service staff to recommend their organisation

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Effects of Music Genre on Cycling Performance and Perceived Exertion

Many people claim that music enhances their exercise experience. To our knowledge, no studies have analyzed the effect of music genre on exercise performance and perceived effort. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of music genre on effort as well as perceived exertion while exercising. Methods: Eighteen untrained individuals, age 18-22, participated in this study. Participants performed two 25-minute exercise trials on a Monark bicycle ergometer. Participants were randomized to a music genre (either hip-hop, country or classical) and to condition (music or no music). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), heart rate (HR), and resistance were recorded for the first ten minutes, while the same three measures and total calories burned were recorded for the final fifteen. Results: No significant difference was found in RPE between music and no music (p=0.477). The results of the Tukey post-hoc showed a significant increase in caloric expenditure between country music and hip-hop music (p=.008). There were no differences in RPE (F2,17=1.45, p=0.265) and music preference (F2,17=3.21, p=0.069) across genre. Conclusion: Based on these results, exercise performance and perceived effort were similar with or without music. When examining the effects of music genre, listening to country music increased caloric expenditure when compared to hip-hop music

Making it without losing it: Type A, achievement motivation, and scientific attainment revisited

In a study by Matthews et al. (1980), responses by academic psychologists to the Jenkins Activity Survey for Health Prediction, a measure of the Type A construct, were found to be significantly, positively correlated with two measures of attainment, citations by others to published work and number of publications. In the present study, JAS responses from the Matthews et al. sample were subjected to a factor analysis with oblique rotation and two new subscales were developed on the basis of this analysis. The first, Achievement Strivings (AS) was found to be significantly correlated with both the publication and citation measures. The second scale, Impatience and Irritability (I/I), was uncorrelated with the achievement criteria. Data from other samples indicate that I/I is related to a number of health symptoms. The results suggest that the current formulation of the Type A construct may contain two components, one associated with positive achievement and the other with poor health

Impatience versus achievement strivings in the Type A pattern: Differential effects on students' health and academic achievement

Psychometric analyses of college students' responses to the Jenkins Activity Survey, a self-report measure of the Type A behavior pattern, revealed the presence of two relatively independent factors. Based on these analyses, two scales, labeled Achievement Strivings (AS) and Impatience and Irritability (II), were developed. In two samples of male and female college students, scores on AS but not on II were found to be significantly correlated with grade point average. Responses to a health survey, on the other hand, indicated that frequency of physical complaints was significantly correlated with II but not with AS. These results suggest that there are two relatively independent factors in the Type A pattern that have differential effects on performance and health. Future research on the personality factors related to coronary heart disease and other disorders might more profitably focus on the syndrome reflected in the II scale than on the Type A pattern