Manufacturing contamination prevention handbook

Manufacturing management discipline handbook concerning contamination prevention may present principles and guidelines which can be adopted for industrial and commercial manufacturer usage. Contamination prevention program is categorized into three basic aspects: initial prevention; control of amount of unpreventable contamination; and detection and elimination of remaining contamination

Numerical Control Machine Data Manual

Numerical Control Machine Data Manual provides programmers with specific information for various types and sizes of numerical control machine tools and auxiliary equipment

Iterated function systems, representations, and Hilbert space

This paper studies a general class of Iterated Function Systems (IFS). No contractivity assumptions are made, other than the existence of some compact attractor. The possibility of escape to infinity is considered. Our present approach is based on Hilbert space, and the theory of representations of the Cuntz algebras O_n, n=2,3,.... While the more traditional approaches to IFS's start with some equilibrium measure, ours doesn't. Rather, we construct a Hilbert space directly from a given IFS; and our construction uses instead families of measures. Starting with a fixed IFS S_n, with n branches, we prove existence of an associated representation of O_n, and we show that the representation is universal in a certain sense. We further prove a theorem about a direct correspondence between a given system S_n, and an associated sub-representation of the universal representation of O_n.Comment: 22 pages, 3 figures containing 7 EPS graphics; LaTeX2e ("elsart" document class); v2 reflects change in Comments onl

What measurable zero point fluctuations can(not) tell us about dark energy

We show that laboratory experiments cannot measure the absolute value of dark energy. All known experiments rely on electromagnetic interactions. They are thus insensitive to particles and fields that interact only weakly with ordinary matter. In addition, Josephson junction experiments only measure differences in vacuum energy similar to Casimir force measurements. Gravity, however, couples to the absolute value. Finally we note that Casimir force measurements have tested zero point fluctuations up to energies of ~10 eV, well above the dark energy scale of ~0.01 eV. Hence, the proposed cut-off in the fluctuation spectrum is ruled out experimentally.Comment: 4 page

Stellar Substructures around the Hercules Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy

We present deep $g,i$-band DECam stellar photometry of the Hercules Milky Way satellite galaxy, and its surrounding field, out to a radial distance of 5.4 times the tidal radius. We have identified nine extended stellar substructures associated with the dwarf; preferentially distributed along the major axis of the galaxy. Two significant over-densities lie outside the 95\% confidence band for the likely orbital path of the galaxy and appear to be free-floating tidal debris. We estimate the luminosity of the new stellar substructures, and find that approximately the same amount of stellar flux is lying in these extended structures as inside the main body of Hercules. We also analyse the distribution of candidate blue-horizontal-branch stars and find agreement with the alignment of the substructures at a confidence level greater than 98\%. Our analysis provides a quantitative demonstration that Hercules is a strongly tidally disrupted system, with noticeable stellar features at least 1.9 kpc away from the galaxy.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

IRC-10414: a bow-shock-producing red supergiant star

Most runaway OB stars, like the majority of massive stars residing in their parent clusters, go through the red supergiant (RSG) phase during their lifetimes. Nonetheless, although many dozens of massive runaways were found to be associated with bow shocks, only two RSG bow-shock-producing stars, Betelgeuse and \mu Cep, are known to date. In this paper, we report the discovery of an arc-like nebula around the late M-type star IRC-10414 using the SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey. Our spectroscopic follow-up of IRC-10414 with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) showed that it is a M7 supergiant, which supports previous claims on the RSG nature of this star based on observations of its maser emission. This was reinforced by our new radio- and (sub)millimeter-wavelength molecular line observations made with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX) 12 meter telescope and the Effelsberg 100 m radio telescope, respectively. The SALT spectrum of the nebula indicates that its emission is the result of shock excitation. This finding along with the arc-like shape of the nebula and an estimate of the space velocity of IRC-10414 (\approx 70\pm20 km/s) imply the bow shock interpretation for the nebula. Thus, IRC-10414 represents the third case of a bow-shock-producing RSG and the first one with a bow shock visible at optical wavelengths. We discuss the smooth appearance of the bow shocks around IRC-10414 and Betelgeuse and propose that one of the necessary conditions for stability of bow shocks generated by RSGs is the ionization of the stellar wind. Possible ionisation sources of the wind of IRC-10414 are proposed and discussed.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in MNRA